#1
Which of the following is a motor developmental milestone typically achieved by infants around 6 months of age?
Walking independently
Crawling
Rolling over
Sitting without support
#2
What is the term for the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of others?
Emotional intelligence
Cognitive dissonance
Social conformity
Psychosomatic response
#3
Which educational theorist is known for the theory of behaviorism, emphasizing the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior?
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
B.F. Skinner
Erik Erikson
#4
In the context of educational psychology, what does the term 'metacognition' refer to?
The study of the effects of culture on learning
Thinking about one's own thinking and learning processes
The process of acquiring language skills
The analysis of educational policies
#5
What is the primary focus of the nature vs. nurture debate in developmental psychology?
The impact of genetics on development
The influence of environmental factors on development
The interaction between genetics and environment
The role of peers in development
#6
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to think logically and understand conservation?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
#7
What is the primary focus of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development?
Individual exploration and discovery
The role of genetics in development
Social interaction and cultural context
Biological maturation
#8
Which theorist is associated with the concept of multiple intelligences, proposing that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but rather a set of distinct abilities?
Jean Piaget
B.F. Skinner
Howard Gardner
Albert Bandura
#9
What is the term for the learning process in which a behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow its occurrence?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Cognitive dissonance
#10
What is the term for the cognitive process in which existing schemas are adjusted or modified to incorporate new information or experiences?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Conservation
Egocentrism
#11
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary crisis or conflict during the stage of adolescence?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Generativity vs. Stagnation
#12
What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in Vygotsky's theory?
The level of tasks a child can perform independently
The difference between what a learner can do with help and without help
The stage of cognitive development where abstract thinking emerges
The influence of biological factors on learning
#13
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before an individual is motivated by higher-level needs such as esteem and self-actualization?
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Esteem needs
#14
In educational psychology, what does the term 'scaffolding' refer to?
Providing external support to help a learner master a task or concept
The process of memorization and rote learning
The influence of peer pressure on academic performance
The assessment of students' knowledge and skills
#15
What is the term for the stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory where a child learns to take control and make decisions, leading to a sense of autonomy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority