#1
What is the principle of charity in argumentation?
Always assume the worst about your opponent's argument.
Always interpret an argument in its strongest, most reasonable form.
Ignore the weaknesses in your own argument.
Misrepresent your opponent's position to strengthen your own.
#2
What is the purpose of a premise in a logical argument?
To state the main conclusion of the argument.
To provide evidence or reasons in support of the conclusion.
To confuse the audience during a debate.
To restate the conclusion in a different way.
#3
In logic, what is a tautology?
A statement that is necessarily false.
A statement that is necessarily true.
A statement that is uncertain.
A statement that is irrelevant to the argument.
#4
Which statement is an example of a deductive argument?
Some students like pizza, and Jane is a student, so Jane likes pizza.
I feel hungry, so it must be lunchtime.
All mammals have fur, and cats are mammals, so cats have fur.
It is raining outside, so I should take an umbrella.
#5
In a syllogism, what are the two premises and the conclusion?
Major premise, minor premise, conclusion
Conclusion, major premise, minor premise
Minor premise, conclusion, major premise
Conclusion, minor premise, major premise
#6
Which of the following is an example of a valid deductive argument?
All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is immortal.
Some birds can fly, and this bird is a bird, so this bird can fly.
No humans are perfect, I am a human, therefore I am perfect.
If it is daytime, then it is not nighttime. It is daytime, therefore it is not nighttime.
#7
Which type of reasoning is based on specific observations and evidence?
Inductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Analogical reasoning
#8
What is the fallacy of affirming the consequent?
Arguing that if A, then B. B is true, therefore A is true.
Arguing that if A, then B. A is true, therefore B is true.
Arguing that if A, then B. A is false, therefore B is false.
Arguing that if A, then B. B is false, therefore A is false.
#9
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and derives a general conclusion, while deductive reasoning starts with a general statement and applies it to specific cases.
Deductive reasoning starts with specific observations and derives a general conclusion, while inductive reasoning starts with a general statement and applies it to specific cases.
Inductive reasoning is only used in mathematics, while deductive reasoning is used in everyday reasoning.
Deductive reasoning is only used in science, while inductive reasoning is used in everyday reasoning.
#10
What is the purpose of a counterexample in logic?
To support the conclusion of an argument.
To refute the conclusion of an argument by providing an example where the premises are true, but the conclusion is false.
To confuse the audience during a debate.
To emphasize the importance of deductive reasoning.
#11
Which logical fallacy is committed in the following statement: 'If we ban assault weapons, soon the government will ban all firearms.'?
Ad hominem
Slippery slope
False analogy
Hasty generalization
#12
What is the contrapositive of the statement 'If it is raining, then the ground is wet'?
If the ground is not wet, then it is not raining.
If it is not raining, then the ground is not wet.
If the ground is wet, then it is raining.
If it is wet outside, then it is raining.
#13
What is the Law of Excluded Middle in logic?
Every proposition is either true or false.
Some propositions can be both true and false.
No propositions are true or false.
All propositions are sometimes true and sometimes false.
#14
What is a valid disjunctive syllogism?
Either it is raining or the ground is wet. The ground is wet, therefore it is raining.
If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining, therefore the ground is wet.
Either it is raining or the ground is wet. It is not raining, therefore the ground is not wet.
If it is not raining, then the ground is not wet. If it is raining, then the ground is wet.
#15
Which fallacy is committed in the following statement: 'Some doctors smoke, so smoking must be good for your health.'?
False analogy
Ad hominem
Hasty generalization
Affirming the consequent
#16
What is the difference between a valid and a sound deductive argument?
A valid argument has true premises and a true conclusion, while a sound argument only has a true conclusion.
A valid argument has a true conclusion, while a sound argument has both true premises and a true conclusion.
A valid argument has false premises and a true conclusion, while a sound argument has true premises and a true conclusion.
A valid argument has a false conclusion, while a sound argument has a true conclusion.
#17
What is the fallacy of composition?
Assuming that what is true for the part is true for the whole.
Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for the part.
Assuming that what is true for one member of a group is true for all members.
Assuming that what is true for some members of a group is true for all members.