#1
Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationProtects individuals from unwarranted searches and seizures by law enforcement.
#2
Which Supreme Court case established the 'right to counsel' in criminal proceedings?
Gideon v. Wainwright
ExplanationEnsures defendants the right to legal representation, even if they cannot afford an attorney.
#3
What is the 'plain view' doctrine in criminal law?
Evidence is admissible if it was found in the defendant's plain view
ExplanationPermits the use of evidence that is clearly visible and discovered legally.
#4
What is the 'exigent circumstances' exception in the context of searches and seizures?
Police can conduct a search without a warrant if there is an urgent need to prevent evidence destruction or harm
ExplanationAllows warrantless searches in emergency situations to prevent harm or destruction of evidence.
#5
What is the 'double hearsay' rule in the context of evidence?
Excluding evidence that is hearsay within hearsay
ExplanationBars the admission of evidence that is secondhand and already based on hearsay.
#6
What is the Miranda warning intended to inform individuals of during custodial interrogation?
Their right to remain silent
ExplanationInforms individuals of their right to refuse self-incrimination and to have an attorney present during questioning.
#7
Which legal principle holds that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court?
Exclusionary rule
ExplanationProhibits the use of unlawfully obtained evidence in legal proceedings.
#8
What is the main purpose of a grand jury in criminal proceedings?
To review evidence and decide if there is enough for a trial
ExplanationExamines evidence to determine if there's probable cause for a trial to proceed.
#9
What is the term for the legal process where a case is brought before a higher court for review?
Appeal
ExplanationA request to a higher court to review and potentially overturn a decision made by a lower court.
#10
What does the term 'pro se' mean in the context of criminal proceedings?
The defendant representing themselves without an attorney
ExplanationThe defendant acts as their own legal representative.
#11
What is the standard of proof in a criminal trial in the United States?
Beyond a reasonable doubt
ExplanationProsecution must prove guilt to the extent that there is no reasonable doubt in the minds of the jurors.
#12
In the context of criminal procedure, what is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine?
Evidence derived from an illegal search or seizure is also inadmissible
ExplanationPrevents the admission of evidence that stems from an illegal or unconstitutional action by law enforcement.
#13
Which landmark case established the 'exclusionary rule' in the United States?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationRuled that illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state courts.
#14
What is the primary purpose of the 'double jeopardy' clause in the Fifth Amendment?
Prohibits multiple trials for the same offense
ExplanationProtects individuals from being tried again for the same crime after acquittal or conviction.
#15
What is the significance of the 'Brady v. Maryland' case in criminal procedure?
Set standards for prosecutorial disclosure of evidence to the defense
ExplanationProsecutors must disclose material evidence favorable to the accused.