#1
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationEnsures the right to a quick and public legal proceeding.
#2
What is the 'right to counsel' under the Sixth Amendment?
The right to have an attorney appointed by the court if one cannot afford to hire one
ExplanationEntitles defendants to legal representation, even if unable to pay.
#3
What is 'double jeopardy'?
Being tried twice for the same crime after being acquitted
ExplanationProhibits trying an individual again for a crime they were acquitted of.
#4
What does the 'right to remain silent' mean under Miranda rights?
The suspect can refuse to answer questions without penalty
ExplanationGuarantees the right to refuse self-incriminating statements.
#5
What is 'subpoena' in the context of criminal procedure?
A legal document requiring someone to appear in court as a witness
ExplanationLegal order compelling a person's presence as a witness.
#6
What does 'bail' refer to in the context of criminal law?
The process of releasing a defendant from custody pending trial
ExplanationRelease of a defendant from custody with certain conditions before trial.
#7
What does 'Miranda rights' refer to in the context of criminal procedure?
Rights read to suspects upon arrest
ExplanationEntitles arrested individuals to be informed of their rights.
#8
Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the 'exclusionary rule'?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationDecision preventing illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.
#9
What is the 'prosecutorial discretion'?
The power of the prosecutor to decide whether to bring charges and what charges to bring
ExplanationAuthority of the prosecutor to make charging decisions.
#10
What is the significance of the case 'Terry v. Ohio'?
Defined 'reasonable suspicion' for stop and frisk
ExplanationEstablished criteria for law enforcement's stop and frisk actions.
#11
What does 'probable cause' mean in the context of criminal procedure?
Sufficient evidence to make an arrest or conduct a search
ExplanationEvidence indicating a reasonable likelihood of guilt.
#12
What is 'due process' in criminal law?
The right to fair treatment through the judicial process
ExplanationEnsures fair treatment during legal proceedings.
#13
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine?
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
ExplanationIllegally obtained evidence and its derivatives are inadmissible.
#14
In the context of search and seizure, what does 'reasonable expectation of privacy' refer to?
Subjective belief in privacy that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable
ExplanationIndividual's belief in privacy considered reasonable by society.
#15
What is 'habeas corpus'?
A legal action through which a person can seek relief from unlawful detention
ExplanationLegal remedy to challenge unlawful imprisonment.
#16
What is the 'good faith' exception to the exclusionary rule?
Evidence obtained in good faith by law enforcement can be admissible even if obtained illegally
ExplanationAdmissibility of evidence obtained in good faith despite legal violation.
#17
What is 'selective incorporation' in constitutional law?
The process by which the Bill of Rights has been applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment
ExplanationExtending Bill of Rights protections to states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
#18
What is 'voir dire'?
The process of selecting a jury
ExplanationJury selection process involving questioning potential jurors.