#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of the criminal justice system?
Civil rights organizations
ExplanationNot part of criminal justice system.
#2
What is the purpose of a plea bargain in the criminal justice system?
To allow the defendant to avoid a trial by admitting guilt in exchange for a lesser sentence
ExplanationDefendant admits guilt for reduced sentence.
#3
What is the term for a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime?
Indictment
ExplanationFormal accusation of a serious crime.
#4
What is the role of a probation officer in the criminal justice system?
To supervise individuals serving a sentence outside of incarceration
ExplanationMonitors non-incarcerated individuals on sentence.
#5
Which term refers to a legal document that orders a person to appear in court?
Subpoena
ExplanationCourt-ordered appearance document.
#6
What is the primary function of the Grand Jury in the criminal justice system?
To review evidence and decide whether to indict a suspect
ExplanationDetermines indictment based on evidence.
#7
In which phase of a criminal trial do attorneys present their opening statements?
Trial proceedings
ExplanationStatements made during trial proceedings.
#8
What is the purpose of the Miranda rights in the criminal justice system?
To inform suspects of their right to an attorney and to remain silent
ExplanationEnsures awareness of legal rights.
#9
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationConstitutional right to prompt and fair trial.
#10
Which of the following is a potential consequence of a criminal conviction?
All of the above
ExplanationVarious consequences post-conviction.
#11
What is the 'beyond a reasonable doubt' standard of proof used in criminal trials?
The evidence must prove the defendant's guilt with absolute certainty
ExplanationHighest standard of proof in criminal trials.
#12
Which term refers to a legal principle that prohibits the government from arbitrarily detaining individuals?
Habeas corpus
ExplanationProhibits arbitrary detention by the government.