#1
What is the primary goal of correlational studies?
To describe the relationship between variables
ExplanationDescribes variable relationships
#2
What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental design?
To serve as a baseline for comparison with the experimental group
ExplanationServes as baseline for comparison
#3
What does it mean if a correlation coefficient is close to 0?
There is no linear relationship between the variables
ExplanationNo linear relationship
#4
What is a potential disadvantage of using self-report measures in correlational research?
They may be affected by social desirability bias
ExplanationAffected by social desirability bias
#5
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
A variable that interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
ExplanationInterferes with relationship between variables
#6
Which correlation coefficient indicates a perfect positive linear relationship between two variables?
1
ExplanationPerfect positive correlation
#7
In a cross-sectional study, how is data collected?
At a single point in time or over a very short period
ExplanationCollects data at one time point
#8
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates a strong negative linear relationship between two variables?
-1
ExplanationStrong negative correlation
#9
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To control for extraneous variables and distribute them evenly among groups
ExplanationControls for extraneous variables
#10
What is a potential drawback of longitudinal studies?
They are expensive and time-consuming
ExplanationExpensive and time-consuming
#11
In a retrospective study, when is the data collected?
After the study has concluded
ExplanationCollects data after study conclusion
#12
Which of the following is a limitation of correlational research?
Establishing causation
ExplanationCannot establish causation
#13
What is the purpose of a longitudinal study?
To observe changes in a group over an extended period
ExplanationObserves changes over time
#14
In a quasi-experimental design, what is a key characteristic that distinguishes it from a true experimental design?
Lack of random assignment
ExplanationNo random assignment
#15
Which of the following is an advantage of experimental research over correlational research?
Provides evidence for cause-and-effect relationships
ExplanationEstablishes cause and effect
#16
What is the main advantage of a repeated measures design in experimental research?
It controls for individual differences
ExplanationControls for individual differences
#17
Which type of validity refers to the extent to which study results can be generalized to real-world settings?
External validity
ExplanationGeneralizes to real-world settings