#1
Which of the following is an example of an innate releasing mechanism (IRM) in ethology?
A male stickleback fish attacking another male during breeding season
ExplanationMale stickleback fish attacking in breeding season.
#2
What is the main function of the hypothalamus in the brain?
Regulating body temperature and hunger
ExplanationRegulating body temperature and hunger.
#3
Which of the following best describes the concept of classical conditioning?
Learning through the association of a neutral stimulus with an involuntary response
ExplanationAssociation of neutral stimulus with response.
#4
Which of the following best describes the 'fight-or-flight' response?
An automatic physiological reaction to a perceived threat
ExplanationPhysiological reaction to threat.
#5
What is the primary neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is associated with pleasure.
#6
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in behavioral science?
When a room gets too hot, a thermostat activates the air conditioning to lower the temperature.
ExplanationThermostat activates AC to counteract temperature rise.
#7
In operant conditioning, what is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that is inherently reinforcing, such as food or water.
ExplanationInnately reinforcing stimuli like food or water.
#8
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in decision-making?
Evaluating potential outcomes and making choices
ExplanationEvaluating outcomes and decision-making.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic of groupthink?
Strong pressure for conformity and suppression of dissenting opinions
ExplanationPressure for conformity, dissent suppression.
#10
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationPhysiological needs before higher-level ones.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression?
Cognitive biases
ExplanationCognitive biases are not part of the model.
#12
In social psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
The discomfort experienced when one's attitudes or beliefs conflict with one's actions.
ExplanationDiscomfort due to conflicting attitudes and actions.
#13
What is the main idea behind Albert Bandura's social learning theory?
Observation and imitation play a crucial role in learning.
ExplanationObservation, imitation in learning.
#14
What is the term for the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in memory?
Cognition
ExplanationEncoding, storing, retrieving information.
#15
Which of the following is a key concept in B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning?
Reinforcement
ExplanationKey concept is reinforcement.