#1
Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of speech?
First Amendment
ExplanationFirst Amendment guarantees freedom of speech.
#2
What is the concept of 'chilling effect' in the context of free speech?
Suppression of speech due to fear of consequences
ExplanationChilling effect: suppression of speech due to fear of consequences.
#3
Which constitutional amendment protects the right to peacefully assemble?
First Amendment
ExplanationFirst Amendment protects the right to peacefully assemble.
#4
In the context of freedom of expression, what is 'prior restraint'?
Preventing publication or expression before it occurs
ExplanationPrior restraint: preventing publication before it occurs.
#5
Which case established the principle of 'separate but equal' and was later overturned by the Supreme Court?
Plessy v. Ferguson
ExplanationPlessy v. Ferguson established 'separate but equal' principle, later overturned.
#6
In the context of freedom of expression, what does the term 'prior restraint' refer to?
Government censorship before publication
ExplanationPrior restraint refers to government censorship before publication.
#7
Which Supreme Court case established the 'clear and present danger' test for limiting free speech?
Schenck v. United States
ExplanationSchenck v. United States established the 'clear and present danger' test.
#8
What is the 'heckler's veto' in the context of freedom of speech?
Public disruption leading to suppression of speech
ExplanationHeckler's veto: public disruption leading to speech suppression.
#9
Which form of expression is typically afforded the highest level of protection under the First Amendment?
Political speech
ExplanationPolitical speech receives highest First Amendment protection.
#10
What is the 'fighting words' doctrine in the context of free speech?
Expressions used in a violent confrontation
ExplanationFighting words: expressions in violent confrontation.
#11
What is the concept of 'time, place, and manner' restrictions in relation to the First Amendment?
Restrictions on the location and conditions of speech
ExplanationTime, place, and manner restrictions pertain to speech location and conditions.
#12
Which international document includes provisions for the protection of freedom of expression?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
ExplanationUniversal Declaration of Human Rights includes provisions for freedom of expression.
#13
What does the 'Miller test' determine in the context of obscenity?
Legal standards for determining obscenity
ExplanationMiller test determines legal standards for obscenity.
#14
Which landmark case expanded the protection of symbolic speech under the First Amendment?
United States v. O'Brien
ExplanationUnited States v. O'Brien expanded protection of symbolic speech.
#15
What is the 'incitement to imminent lawless action' test, and in which case did it originate?
Brandenburg v. Ohio
ExplanationIncitement to imminent lawless action test originated in Brandenburg v. Ohio.