#1
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech?
First Amendment
ExplanationGuarantees freedom of speech.
#2
Which constitutional amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationProtects against unreasonable searches.
#3
Which Supreme Court case established the 'Miranda rights' for individuals in police custody?
Miranda v. Arizona
ExplanationEstablished rights of those in police custody.
#4
Which constitutional amendment protects against self-incrimination?
Fifth Amendment
ExplanationProtects against self-incrimination.
#5
In the context of the criminal justice system, what is 'plea bargaining'?
Negotiations between the prosecution and defense for a defendant to plead guilty to a lesser charge
ExplanationNegotiation for guilty plea to lesser charge.
#6
What is the Miranda warning?
A list of legal rights read to a person in custody
ExplanationLegal rights read to those in custody.
#7
In criminal law, what does 'habeas corpus' refer to?
A legal order to bring a detained person before a court
ExplanationBringing a detained person before court.
#8
What is the 'double jeopardy' clause in the Fifth Amendment?
Protection against being tried or punished twice for the same offense
ExplanationProtection from double punishment for same crime.
#9
What does the term 'probable cause' mean in the context of search and seizure?
Reasonable belief that a crime has been or is being committed
ExplanationReasonable belief of crime commission.
#10
What is the 'right to counsel' in criminal proceedings?
The right to legal representation during the trial
ExplanationRight to legal representation in trial.
#11
What does the exclusionary rule state in the context of criminal procedure?
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
ExplanationIllegally obtained evidence not admissible.
#12
Which Supreme Court case established the 'right to an attorney' for criminal defendants who cannot afford one?
Gideon v. Wainwright
ExplanationEstablished right to attorney for indigent defendants.
#13
In the context of the Fourth Amendment, what is an 'unreasonable search and seizure'?
A search conducted without a warrant
ExplanationSearch without warrant.
#14
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine?
Illegally obtained evidence can lead to exclusion of related evidence
ExplanationIllegally obtained evidence may be excluded.
#15
What is the 'reasonable suspicion' standard in the context of stop and frisk by law enforcement?
A lower standard than probable cause
ExplanationLower standard than probable cause.