#1
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of speech?
First Amendment
ExplanationGuarantees freedom of speech, religion, and the press, and the right to assemble and petition the government.
#2
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery?
Thirteenth Amendment
ExplanationAbolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
#3
What is 'double jeopardy' in the context of criminal law?
Being tried twice for the same crime
ExplanationProtects individuals from being prosecuted or punished twice for the same offense.
#4
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to bear arms?
Second Amendment
ExplanationProtects the right of individuals to keep and bear arms for self-defense and other lawful purposes.
#5
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationProtects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.
#6
What is the 'Miranda warning'?
A warning given by police to criminal suspects in custody
ExplanationInforms suspects of their rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney, before questioning.
#7
What does the 'establishment clause' of the First Amendment address?
Separation of church and state
ExplanationProhibits the government from establishing an official religion and protects freedom of religion.
#8
What does the 'due process' clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee?
Right to a fair trial
ExplanationProtects individuals from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the government.
#9
What is 'selective incorporation' in the context of constitutional law?
The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment
ExplanationIncorporates protections from the Bill of Rights into the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
#10
What does the 'eminent domain' clause of the Fifth Amendment address?
Government's power to take private property for public use with just compensation
ExplanationAllows the government to take private property for public use, provided just compensation is paid.
#11
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases?
Seventh Amendment
ExplanationGuarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases where the controversy exceeds a certain value.
#12
What Supreme Court case established the 'right to privacy' in the United States?
Roe v. Wade
ExplanationEstablished a woman's right to have an abortion without government interference.
#13
What is the 'exclusionary rule' in the context of criminal procedure?
A rule preventing the use of illegally obtained evidence in court
ExplanationDiscourages police misconduct by excluding evidence obtained through illegal searches or seizures.
#14
Which Supreme Court case established the principle of 'judicial review'?
Marbury v. Madison
ExplanationEstablished the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
#15
What is the significance of the Supreme Court case 'Gideon v. Wainwright'?
Established the right to an attorney for indigent defendants
ExplanationEnsured that defendants who cannot afford an attorney have the right to a court-appointed one.
#16
What is the significance of the Supreme Court case 'Brown v. Board of Education'?
Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
ExplanationOverturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine, leading to desegregation of public schools.
#17
Which Supreme Court case upheld the legality of affirmative action programs?
Bakke v. University of California
ExplanationAllowed affirmative action but ruled that specific racial quotas were unconstitutional.