#1
Which amendment protects freedom of speech in the United States?
First Amendment
ExplanationPrimary constitutional provision safeguarding free speech.
#2
What is symbolic speech?
Speech that involves nonverbal expressions or actions
ExplanationCommunication conveyed through actions or symbols.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a category of unprotected speech under the First Amendment?
Political speech
ExplanationPolitical discourse typically protected under First Amendment.
#4
What is the 'clear and present danger' test in relation to the First Amendment?
A test to determine if speech is protected or can be restricted based on its potential to cause harm
ExplanationAssesses whether speech poses imminent threat to public safety.
#5
Which of the following is NOT considered protected speech under the First Amendment?
Hate speech
ExplanationExpression targeting specific groups not shielded by First Amendment.
#6
What is prior restraint in the context of the First Amendment?
Restrictions imposed on speech before it is made public
ExplanationCensorship preceding publication or expression.
#7
What does the 'heckler's veto' refer to?
A situation where the audience's reaction to speech becomes the basis for restricting the speech itself
ExplanationSuppressing speech due to potential violent audience reaction.
#8
What is the 'Lemon test' used for?
To determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
ExplanationCriterion to evaluate laws concerning religious establishment.
#9
In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court establish the 'imminent lawless action' test?
Brandenburg v. Ohio
ExplanationRuling defined standard for restricting speech inciting lawless acts.
#10
Which landmark case established the principle of 'actual malice' for public officials in defamation cases?
New York Times v. Sullivan
ExplanationRuling set standard for proving libel against public figures.
#11
Which case established the 'Miller test' for determining obscenity?
Miller v. California
ExplanationLegal precedent defining criteria for obscenity.