#1
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects freedom of speech?
First Amendment
ExplanationProtects the fundamental right to free expression.
#2
In the United States, how many members are there in the Supreme Court?
9
ExplanationComprises nine justices who serve on the highest federal court.
#3
What is the significance of the 'Miranda rights' in criminal law?
Right to remain silent
ExplanationEnsures individuals are aware of their right to silence and legal representation during police interrogation.
#4
Which constitutional amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationSafeguards against unjustified government intrusion into individuals' privacy.
#5
Which constitutional amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?
Eighth Amendment
ExplanationSafeguards against excessively harsh or inhumane punishment.
#6
Which case established the principle of judicial review in the United States?
Marbury v. Madison
ExplanationLandmark case affirming the judiciary's power to review and invalidate laws.
#7
What does the term 'Habeas Corpus' refer to in legal terms?
Right to challenge unlawful detention
ExplanationAllows individuals to contest their unlawful imprisonment.
#8
Which clause of the U.S. Constitution is often cited in cases involving the separation of church and state?
Establishment Clause
ExplanationProhibits the government from establishing an official religion.
#9
In the context of civil liberties, what does 'prior restraint' refer to?
Preventing the publication or broadcast of information before it occurs
ExplanationRestrictions on speech or publication before it happens, usually by the government.
#10
In the United States, what is the 'clear and present danger' test used to assess?
Freedom of speech
ExplanationDetermines whether speech poses a serious threat to public safety, justifying limitations.
#11
Which constitutional amendment guarantees the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases?
Sixth Amendment
ExplanationEnsures the right to a fair and speedy trial with an impartial jury.
#12
What is the 'Lemon Test' used for in constitutional law?
Assessing the constitutionality of government actions affecting religion
ExplanationCriteria for evaluating whether government actions violate the Establishment Clause.
#13
Which landmark case established the right to privacy in the United States?
Griswold v. Connecticut
ExplanationRecognized a constitutional right to privacy, particularly in marital relations.
#14
What is the significance of the case 'Brown v. Board of Education'?
Overturned 'Plessy v. Ferguson' and declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional
ExplanationLandmark decision ending racial segregation in public schools.
#15
What is the significance of the case 'Obergefell v. Hodges'?
Legalized same-sex marriage nationwide
ExplanationSupreme Court decision recognizing the constitutional right to same-sex marriage.