#1
Which clause of the U.S. Constitution is commonly invoked to regulate interstate commerce?
Commerce Clause
ExplanationRegulates commerce among states.
#2
Which constitutional amendment is often cited in cases related to interstate commerce?
Fourteenth Amendment
ExplanationUsed to expand Congress's regulatory authority after the Civil War.
#3
In the context of constitutional interpretation, what is textualism?
Focusing on the plain text of the Constitution
ExplanationInterpreting the Constitution strictly based on its written words.
#4
Which landmark case established the 'dormant' Commerce Clause doctrine?
Gibbons v. Ogden
ExplanationSet precedent for limits on state regulation of interstate commerce.
#5
Which landmark case expanded Congress' power under the Commerce Clause by regulating wheat production?
Wickard v. Filburn
ExplanationExtended federal authority to intrastate economic activities with substantial impact on interstate commerce.
#6
What principle was established in the case of Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States?
Congress has broad power to regulate interstate commerce
ExplanationConfirmed federal authority over businesses affecting interstate trade.
#7
What does the 'dormant' Commerce Clause address?
Limitations on state regulation that unduly burden interstate commerce
ExplanationRestricts states from imposing regulations hindering interstate trade.
#8
What is the 'rational basis' test commonly used in commerce clause cases?
Minimal scrutiny standard
ExplanationEvaluates whether a law is reasonably related to a legitimate government interest.
#9
In the context of interstate commerce, what does the 'substantial effects' test assess?
Whether an activity has a substantial effect on interstate commerce
ExplanationDetermines if an activity significantly impacts interstate trade.
#10
Which test is applied to determine whether a state regulation violates the dormant Commerce Clause?
Pike balancing test
ExplanationAssesses whether state regulations excessively burden interstate commerce.
#11
In the case of 'Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority,' what constitutional provision was at issue in determining whether Congress could regulate state and local government employees?
Tenth Amendment
ExplanationInvolved state sovereignty against federal authority in labor regulation.
#12
What is the 'dual federalism' concept as it relates to the Commerce Clause?
A doctrine that prohibits federal regulation of interstate commerce
ExplanationLimits federal power over states in regulating interstate trade.