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Concepts in Justice and Legal Systems Quiz

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Which principle emphasizes the punishment fitting the crime?

Retribution

Explanation

Retribution: Punishment corresponds to the severity of the offense.

What term refers to a legal process where opposing parties settle disputes outside of court with the help of a neutral third party?

Mediation

Explanation

Mediation: Resolution outside court facilitated by a neutral mediator.

What is the term for a legal document that grants an individual the authority to act on behalf of another person?

Power of attorney

Explanation

Power of attorney: Authorization for one to act on behalf of another.

Which type of law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, where compensation may be awarded to the injured party?

Civil law

Explanation

Civil law: Concerned with private disputes and remedies.

What is the legal term for a written order issued by a judge or magistrate, commanding someone to do something or prohibiting certain acts?

Injunction

Explanation

Injunction: Court-ordered directive to act or refrain from acting.

What is the Latin term for 'guilty act'?

Actus reus

Explanation

Actus reus: Latin for the guilty act or prohibited conduct.

Which legal principle states that similar cases should be decided based on prior judicial rulings?

Stare decisis

Explanation

Stare decisis: Decision based on precedent from prior similar cases.

What does the term 'voir dire' refer to in legal proceedings?

The process of selecting and questioning potential jurors

Explanation

Voir dire: Jury selection and questioning process.

What is the term for a legal rule that prevents a person from asserting a right or defense that contradicts what the person has previously said or done?

Estoppel

Explanation

Estoppel: Prevents inconsistency by barring contradictory claims.

#10

Which legal principle holds that a person cannot be tried for the same crime twice, after being acquitted or convicted?

Double jeopardy

Explanation

Double jeopardy: Protection against being tried twice for the same offense.

#11

What is the standard of proof in a criminal trial in the United States?

Beyond a reasonable doubt

Explanation

Beyond a reasonable doubt: High standard requiring firm belief in guilt.

#12

Which amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases?

Seventh Amendment

Explanation

Seventh Amendment: Ensures jury trial in civil cases.

#13

In the United States, what is the legal term for the process of questioning potential jurors to determine their suitability for service on a jury?

Voir dire

Explanation

Voir dire: Process of jury selection and assessment of suitability.

#14

Which legal doctrine holds that a decision made by a higher court is binding precedent on lower courts?

Stare decisis

Explanation

Stare decisis: Higher court decisions are binding on lower courts.

Concepts in Justice and Legal Systems Quiz

Which principle emphasizes the punishment fitting the crime?

What term refers to a legal process where opposing parties settle disputes outside of court with the help of a neutral third party?

What is the term for a legal document that grants an individual the authority to act on behalf of another person?

Which type of law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, where compensation may be awarded to the injured party?

What is the legal term for a written order issued by a judge or magistrate, commanding someone to do something or prohibiting certain acts?

What is the Latin term for 'guilty act'?

Which legal principle states that similar cases should be decided based on prior judicial rulings?

What does the term 'voir dire' refer to in legal proceedings?

What is the term for a legal rule that prevents a person from asserting a right or defense that contradicts what the person has previously said or done?

Which legal principle holds that a person cannot be tried for the same crime twice, after being acquitted or convicted?

What is the standard of proof in a criminal trial in the United States?

Which amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases?

In the United States, what is the legal term for the process of questioning potential jurors to determine their suitability for service on a jury?

Which legal doctrine holds that a decision made by a higher court is binding precedent on lower courts?

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