Cognitive Psychology and Problem Solving Quiz

Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Schema is the mental representation of knowledge that helps organize information.

Divide and conquer is a problem-solving strategy that involves breaking a complex problem into smaller, more manageable subproblems.

Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek information that confirms one's existing beliefs or preconceptions.

Availability heuristic is a mental shortcut where judgments are influenced by the ease with which specific examples come to mind.

Means-ends analysis is a problem-solving strategy that involves gradually reducing the difference between the current state and the goal state.

Functional fixedness is the tendency for objects to be seen only in terms of their typical uses, limiting creative problem-solving.

Mental set is the tendency to approach problem-solving with a mindset that has worked in the past, even if it may not be optimal for a new problem.

Divergent thinking is the ability to generate a variety of novel and valuable ideas.

Howard Gardner proposed the concept of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but a combination of various abilities.

Hindsight bias is the tendency to believe, after an outcome has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome all along.

Backtracking is a problem-solving strategy that involves working backward from the desired outcome to the current state to find a solution.

Accommodation, according to Piaget's theory, is the process of modifying existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information.

Representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a particular prototype or stereotype.

Algorithm is a problem-solving strategy that involves generating possible solutions and systematically evaluating each one to find the best option.

Fluid intelligence primarily involves the ability to think logically, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

Jean Piaget proposed the stages of cognitive development in children, emphasizing how they acquire knowledge and understanding.

Overconfidence is the tendency to overestimate one's own knowledge, abilities, or the accuracy of judgments.

Anchoring bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.

Availability heuristic is the tendency to judge the likelihood of events based on how easily relevant examples come to mind.

Herbert Simon is known for his work on problem-solving and decision-making, emphasizing bounded rationality.

Anchoring bias is a cognitive bias where judgments are influenced by the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.

Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman proposed the Prospect Theory, describing how people make decisions involving risk and uncertainty.

Keith Stanovich proposed the Dual Process Theory, suggesting that decision-making involves two systems: one intuitive and one rational.