#1
Which of the following best defines cognitive psychology?
The study of observable behaviors
The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving
The study of personality traits and their influence on behavior
The study of social interactions and group dynamics
#2
Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
Recalling a phone number
Remembering how to ride a bicycle
Reciting the alphabet
Remembering a historical event
#3
What term describes the tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias
Cognitive dissonance
#4
In the context of cognitive psychology, what does the term 'executive functions' refer to?
The ability to control one's behavior, attention, and cognitive processes
The ability to execute physical movements with precision
The ability to solve complex mathematical problems
The ability to interpret social cues accurately
#5
Which term refers to the tendency to perceive and attend to information that is consistent with our existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them?
Confirmation bias
Availability heuristic
Anchoring bias
Representativeness heuristic
#6
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
Unlimited
7 plus or minus 2 items
Less than 3 items
Depends on individual's intelligence
#7
Which term refers to the mental process of converting sensory input into a form that can be processed by the brain?
Encoding
Decoding
Perception
Interpretation
#8
Who proposed the stages of cognitive development theory, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages?
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Albert Bandura
#9
What term refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more effectively than those in the middle or at the end?
Serial position effect
Recency effect
Primacy effect
Encoding specificity
#10
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the formation of new long-term memories?
Amygdala
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Frontal lobe
#11
What is the concept in cognitive psychology that describes the tendency to rely on pre-existing mental structures when interpreting new information?
Confirmation bias
Schemas
Functional fixedness
Hindsight bias
#12
According to the levels of processing model, which type of processing leads to the deepest level of memory encoding?
Structural processing (shallow)
Phonemic processing (intermediate)
Semantic processing (deep)
Visual processing (shallow)
#13
Which type of memory allows us to remember events from our past?
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Episodic memory
Working memory
#14
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which type of memory has the shortest duration?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Working memory
#15
What term refers to the phenomenon where memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state are best recalled when that state is reinstated?
State-dependent memory
Encoding specificity
Context-dependent memory
Priming