#1
Which of the following best defines cognitive psychology?
The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving
ExplanationStudy of mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving.
#2
Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
Remembering how to ride a bicycle
ExplanationRiding a bike without conscious recall is implicit memory.
#3
What term describes the tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationAttributing successes internally and failures externally is self-serving bias.
#4
In the context of cognitive psychology, what does the term 'executive functions' refer to?
The ability to control one's behavior, attention, and cognitive processes
ExplanationExecutive functions control behavior, attention, and cognitive processes.
#5
Which term refers to the tendency to perceive and attend to information that is consistent with our existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationPerceiving and attending to info confirming beliefs: confirmation bias.
#6
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
7 plus or minus 2 items
ExplanationShort-term memory holds 7 plus or minus 2 items.
#7
Which term refers to the mental process of converting sensory input into a form that can be processed by the brain?
Encoding
ExplanationEncoding is converting sensory input for brain processing.
#8
Who proposed the stages of cognitive development theory, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget proposed cognitive development stages.
#9
What term refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more effectively than those in the middle or at the end?
Primacy effect
ExplanationFirst items being better remembered is the primacy effect.
#10
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the formation of new long-term memories?
Hippocampus
ExplanationHippocampus forms new long-term memories.
#11
What is the concept in cognitive psychology that describes the tendency to rely on pre-existing mental structures when interpreting new information?
Schemas
ExplanationSchemas are pre-existing mental structures.
#12
According to the levels of processing model, which type of processing leads to the deepest level of memory encoding?
Semantic processing (deep)
ExplanationDeep semantic processing leads to the deepest memory encoding.
#13
Which type of memory allows us to remember events from our past?
Episodic memory
ExplanationEpisodic memory recalls events from the past.
#14
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which type of memory has the shortest duration?
Sensory memory
ExplanationSensory memory has the shortest duration.
#15
What term refers to the phenomenon where memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state are best recalled when that state is reinstated?
State-dependent memory
ExplanationMemories best recalled when in the same state: state-dependent memory.