#1
Which of the following is a basic function of attention?
Enhancing sensory processing
ExplanationAttention enhances sensory processing to prioritize relevant information.
#2
What is the term for the process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other stimuli?
Selective attention
ExplanationSelective attention involves focusing on specific stimuli while disregarding others.
#3
Which brain structure is crucial for regulating attention and controlling impulsive behaviors?
Frontal cortex
ExplanationThe frontal cortex regulates attention and inhibits impulsive behaviors.
#4
What is the term for the automatic, pre-attentive processing of sensory information to filter out irrelevant stimuli?
Bottom-up processing
ExplanationBottom-up processing filters irrelevant stimuli automatically before conscious attention.
#5
Which neurotransmitter is closely associated with sustaining attention and wakefulness?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is associated with sustaining attention and promoting wakefulness.
#6
What is the term for the phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to a decrease in attention and responsiveness?
Habituation
ExplanationHabituation is the decrease in responsiveness due to repeated exposure to a stimulus.
#7
In the context of attention, what does the 'Inhibition of return' refer to?
The suppression of attention to previously explored stimuli
ExplanationInhibition of return suppresses attention to previously attended stimuli.
#8
Which brain structure is responsible for the initial filtering and processing of sensory information before it reaches higher cognitive centers?
Thalamus
ExplanationThe thalamus filters and processes sensory information before reaching higher cognitive centers.
#9
What is the concept that suggests our cognitive resources are limited, leading to the need for selective attention?
Cognitive load
ExplanationCognitive load theory suggests limited resources necessitate selective attention.
#10
In the context of attention, what is the 'cocktail party effect'?
The ability to selectively attend to a single conversation in a noisy environment
ExplanationThe cocktail party effect is the ability to focus on one conversation amid noise.
#11
What is the 'Stroop effect' in the context of attention and cognitive processes?
Interference between color and word recognition
ExplanationThe Stroop effect shows interference between color and word recognition.
#12
In the 'spotlight model' of attention, what does the term 'zoom lens' refer to?
The capacity to expand or narrow attentional focus
ExplanationThe 'zoom lens' refers to the ability to adjust attentional focus.
#13
Which theory proposes that attention is a limited resource that must be distributed among tasks, leading to performance trade-offs?
Resource model of attention
ExplanationThe resource model of attention suggests attention is limited, leading to trade-offs.
#14
Which type of attention involves the simultaneous processing of multiple sources of information?
Divided attention
ExplanationDivided attention involves processing multiple sources of information simultaneously.
#15
According to Broadbent's filter model, what is the primary function of the selective filter in the information processing system?
To attenuate irrelevant information
ExplanationThe selective filter attenuates irrelevant information in Broadbent's model.