#1
Which of the following is an example of a schema according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
A child learning to ride a bike
A teenager deciding to major in engineering
A toddler learning to say 'please' and 'thank you'
An adult solving a complex math problem
#2
Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract concepts?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#3
What is a characteristic of critical thinking?
Accepting information without questioning
Relying solely on intuition
Evaluating evidence and arguments
Avoiding complex problems
#4
Which of the following is a component of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
Analytical intelligence
Physical intelligence
Emotional intelligence
Social intelligence
#5
According to Piaget, what is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
The ability to classify objects into categories based on shared characteristics
The ability to mentally represent objects and manipulate them in the mind
The ability to understand another person's perspective
#6
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Studying the relationship between brain structures and cognitive functions
Understanding how people acquire and process information
Exploring the influence of culture on cognitive development
Investigating the role of emotions in decision-making
#7
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between what a learner can do with assistance and what they can do independently
The stage when a child can perform tasks independently
The maximum potential of a child's cognitive abilities
The stage when a child begins to imitate adults
#8
What is the main difference between convergent and divergent thinking?
Convergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions, while divergent thinking involves narrowing down to a single solution.
Convergent thinking involves narrowing down to a single solution, while divergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions.
Convergent thinking is used in creative tasks, while divergent thinking is used in analytical tasks.
Convergent thinking is associated with logical reasoning, while divergent thinking is associated with intuitive reasoning.
#9
What does the term 'confirmation bias' refer to?
The tendency to seek out information that contradicts one's beliefs
The tendency to rely on one's own experiences when making decisions
The tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs
The tendency to dismiss information that challenges one's beliefs
#10
What is deductive reasoning?
Reasoning from specific observations to reach a general conclusion
Reasoning from a general principle to a specific conclusion
Reasoning based on probability and likelihood
Reasoning based on emotions and intuition
#11
What is the main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning starts with a general principle and applies it to specific cases, while deductive reasoning starts with specific observations to reach a general conclusion.
Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations to reach a general conclusion, while deductive reasoning starts with a general principle and applies it to specific cases.
Inductive reasoning relies on emotions and intuition, while deductive reasoning relies on logic and evidence.
Inductive reasoning is used in mathematics, while deductive reasoning is used in social sciences.
#12
What is the purpose of a Socratic questioning approach?
To provide direct answers to questions
To encourage critical thinking and stimulate dialogue
To impose the instructor's viewpoint on students
To discourage students from asking questions
#13
Which of the following is an example of metacognition?
A student using a mnemonic device to remember information
A child reciting a poem from memory
An adult solving a crossword puzzle
A student reflecting on their own learning strategies and adjusting them accordingly
#14
Which of the following is a characteristic of a critical thinker?
Relying solely on authority figures for information
Avoiding challenging assumptions and beliefs
Being open-minded and willing to reconsider beliefs based on evidence
Making decisions based solely on personal opinions
#15
What is metacognitive monitoring?
The process of evaluating one's own thinking and understanding
The process of memorizing information
The process of solving complex problems
The process of acquiring new knowledge
#16
What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking?
Convergent thinking involves narrowing down to a single solution, while divergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions.
Convergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions, while divergent thinking involves narrowing down to a single solution.
Convergent thinking is used in analytical tasks, while divergent thinking is used in creative tasks.
Convergent thinking is associated with intuitive reasoning, while divergent thinking is associated with logical reasoning.
#17
What is a metacognitive strategy?
A technique for memorizing information quickly
A method for solving complex mathematical problems
A cognitive process that involves reflecting on and regulating one's own thinking
A strategy for avoiding cognitive biases
#18
What is the term for the ability to understand and regulate one's own thought processes?
Cognitive empathy
Metacognition
Theory of mind
Emotional intelligence