#1
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in child guidance?
Taking away a privilege as a consequence of misbehavior
Giving a sticker for completing chores
Ignoring the child's tantrum
Yelling at the child for not listening
#2
What is the term for a form of learning in which a behavior becomes more or less probable depending on its consequences?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning
Observational learning
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of authoritative parenting style?
Low responsiveness and low demands
High responsiveness and high demands
High responsiveness and low demands
Low responsiveness and high demands
#4
Which of the following is an example of an assertive communication technique?
Yelling and blaming
Avoiding eye contact
Expressing feelings and needs clearly
Making demands without explanation
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic of permissive parenting?
High demands and control
Low warmth and responsiveness
High warmth and responsiveness
Low demands and control
#6
What is a common characteristic of authoritative parenting?
High demands and responsiveness
Low demands and low responsiveness
High demands and low responsiveness
Low demands and high responsiveness
#7
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for managing aggressive behavior in children?
Modeling calm behavior
Punishing the child harshly
Teaching problem-solving skills
Using time-out as a consequence
#8
What is the primary goal of using 'I-messages' in child guidance?
To criticize the child's behavior
To communicate feelings without blaming
To assert authority over the child
To ignore the child's behavior
#9
Which of the following is an example of a child's internalizing behavior?
Yelling at a peer during playtime
Crying when frustrated
Throwing objects when angry
Refusing to do homework
#10
In child guidance, what does the term 'scaffolding' refer to?
Providing temporary support to help a child learn a new skill
Punishing a child for misbehavior
Ignoring a child's tantrum until it stops
Using threats to control a child's behavior
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic of a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Hyperfocus on tasks
Excessive organization
Difficulty sustaining attention
Extreme calmness in all situations
#12
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what stage occurs during early childhood (ages 3-6)?
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Initiative vs. guilt
Industry vs. inferiority
#13
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during middle childhood (ages 7-11)?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
#14
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which stage is characterized by an understanding of social rules and conventions?
Preconventional stage
Conventional stage
Postconventional stage
Transconventional stage
#15
According to attachment theory, what is the primary function of the attachment bond between a caregiver and a child?
Providing financial support
Ensuring physical safety
Fulfilling emotional needs
Enforcing discipline
#16
According to the ecological systems theory, which level of the environment directly influences a child's development?
Microsystem
Exosystem
Mesosystem
Chronosystem