#1
At what age do infants typically begin to babble?
3-4 months
ExplanationInfants typically begin to babble at around 3-4 months of age.
#2
What is the term for the process of creating mental representations of external objects or events?
Encoding
ExplanationEncoding is the process of forming mental representations of external stimuli.
#3
What is the term for the process by which a child adjusts existing schemas to account for new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is the process of modifying existing cognitive schemas to incorporate new information.
#4
What is the term for the process of actively organizing information in memory to make it easier to recall?
Chunking
ExplanationChunking is the process of grouping individual pieces of information into larger units, making them easier to remember.
#5
What is the term for the mental ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not perceived.
#6
Which theorist proposed the stages of cognitive development, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget proposed the stages of cognitive development.
#7
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched
ExplanationObject permanence is the understanding that objects persist even when they are not directly observed.
#8
Which type of memory involves the retention of information for short periods of time, typically ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes?
Working memory
ExplanationWorking memory is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information.
#9
What is the term for a mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing?
Schema
ExplanationA schema is a mental framework that helps organize and interpret information.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a stage of language development proposed by Jean Piaget?
Metalinguistic stage
ExplanationThe metalinguistic stage is not one of the stages proposed by Jean Piaget for language development.
#11
What is the term for the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as understand and respond to the emotions of others?
Emotional intelligence
ExplanationEmotional intelligence involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others.
#12
According to Vygotsky's theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between what a child can do with assistance and what they can do independently
ExplanationThe zone of proximal development (ZPD) refers to the difference between what a learner can do with assistance and what they can do independently.
#13
What is executive function in the context of cognitive development?
The ability to plan, organize, and manage tasks
ExplanationExecutive function involves the capacity to plan, organize, and manage tasks effectively.
#14
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during the stage of 'autonomy versus shame and doubt'?
Establishing independence
ExplanationThe primary task during the 'autonomy versus shame and doubt' stage is establishing independence.
#15
What is theory of mind?
The ability to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own
ExplanationTheory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, including beliefs, desires, and intentions.
#16
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at what stage of moral development do individuals obey rules to avoid punishment and seek rewards?
Preconventional morality
ExplanationDuring the preconventional morality stage, individuals base their moral decisions on obedience to authority and avoiding punishment or seeking rewards.
#17
What is the term for the ability to mentally manipulate and rotate objects in space?
Spatial reasoning
ExplanationSpatial reasoning involves the ability to visualize and mentally manipulate objects and shapes in space.