Cellular Injury and Pathophysiology Quiz

Nutritional excess does not typically cause cellular injury, unlike other factors such as toxins or physical trauma.

Hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in the size of cells, often in response to increased workload or hormonal stimulation.

Pyknosis is a characteristic feature of irreversible cell injury, involving nuclear condensation and fragmentation.

Mitochondrial swelling is a hallmark feature of reversible cell injury, indicating cellular stress but potential for recovery.

Cellular swelling is not a feature of apoptosis; instead, apoptosis involves cell shrinkage and fragmentation without inflammation.

Hypoxic injury primarily affects the mitochondria due to their high energy demands.

Ionizing radiation primarily causes cell injury by damaging the DNA, leading to mutations or cell death.

Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, which occurs in a controlled manner and is essential for tissue homeostasis and development.

Coagulative necrosis is characterized by the preservation of tissue architecture but with liquefaction of tissue due to enzymatic digestion.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, including those involved in the response to cellular injury.

Chromatin condensation is a characteristic feature of irreversible cell injury, indicating cellular death.

Excessive calcium influx into cells leads to the activation of phospholipase A2, which triggers the breakdown of membrane phospholipids.

Apoptosis is a non-inflammatory process characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic bodies.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key mediator of inflammation in necrotic cell death, triggering the inflammatory response.

Metaplasia is the process by which a cell adapts to a persistent but sublethal injury, leading to a change in cell type.