#1
Which of the following structures is responsible for generating the electrical impulses in the heart?
#2
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular filling occur?
#3
What is the name of the condition characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm due to rapid, irregular electrical impulses in the atria?
#4
What is the primary function of the pericardium?
#5
What is the term for the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, just before systole begins?
#6
What is the term for the abnormal heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow, typically due to a defective heart valve?
#7
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the deposition of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries?
#8
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?
#9
What is the term for the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction?
#10
Which of the following ions plays a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of action potentials in cardiac muscle cells?
#11
Which of the following statements about the Frank-Starling mechanism is true?
#12
Which of the following vessels supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium itself?
#13
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate and contractility during 'fight or flight' responses?
#14
What is the term for the period of time during which a myocardial cell is unable to respond to a new stimulus, regardless of stimulus strength?
#15
Which of the following factors is NOT a determinant of cardiac output?
#16
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of diastolic heart failure?
#17
What is the term for the condition characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and impairing its function?
#18