#1
Which of the following is true regarding the sinoatrial (SA) node?
It is located in the interventricular septum
It initiates the electrical impulse for cardiac contraction
It is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body
It regulates blood pressure
#2
What is the normal resting heart rate for an adult?
60-80 beats per minute
90-120 beats per minute
40-60 beats per minute
120-150 beats per minute
#3
Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?
High blood pressure
Regular exercise
Smoking
High cholesterol levels
#4
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events during the cardiac cycle?
Atrial systole → Ventricular systole → Ventricular diastole
Ventricular systole → Atrial systole → Ventricular diastole
Ventricular diastole → Ventricular systole → Atrial systole
Atrial diastole → Atrial systole → Ventricular systole
#5
Which of the following statements about the cardiac conduction system is correct?
The SA node is located in the atrioventricular septum.
The AV node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
The bundle of His conducts the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles.
The Purkinje fibers are located in the interatrial septum.
#6
What is the correct sequence of cardiac electrical conduction through the heart?
AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His
SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → AV node → SA node
Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His → SA node → AV node
#7
What does the P wave represent in an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Atrial repolarization
Ventricular repolarization
Atrial depolarization
Ventricular depolarization
#8
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal rhythm of the heart?
Atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction
Arrhythmia
Angina pectoris
#9
Which of the following ions is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of cardiac muscle cells?
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Chloride (Cl-)
#10
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart's conduction system?
To delay the impulse before transmitting it to the ventricles
To generate the electrical impulse for heart contraction
To conduct the impulse rapidly through the atria
To regulate blood pressure
#11
What is the term for the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization on an ECG?
QRS complex
ST segment
T wave
QT interval
#12
What does the QT interval represent on an ECG?
The time between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization
The time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
The time between atrial and ventricular repolarization
The time between ventricular repolarization and the next depolarization
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of atrial fibrillation on an ECG?
Regular rhythm
Absence of P waves
Normal heart rate
Narrow QRS complex
#14
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a rapid and irregular heartbeat originating in the atria?
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
#15
What is the term for the amount of blood ejected by the ventricles in one minute?
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Ejection fraction
End-diastolic volume