#1
Which of the following is a common symptom of a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
Chest pain or discomfort
ExplanationClassic symptom due to ischemia of heart muscle.
#2
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases?
High blood pressure
ExplanationIncreases strain on the heart and blood vessels.
#3
What is the primary role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart's electrical conduction system?
Conducting electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles
ExplanationDelays impulse to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction.
#4
What is the primary purpose of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
Initiating the heartbeat
ExplanationGenerates electrical impulses to start heart contractions.
#5
What is the term for the inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle, often causing chest pain or discomfort?
Angina pectoris
ExplanationResults from narrowed coronary arteries.
#6
What is the primary function of the heart's left ventricle?
Pumping blood to the body
ExplanationIt pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.
#7
During a cardiac arrest, what is the immediate intervention that should be initiated?
Initiating CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
ExplanationTo maintain blood flow and oxygenation to vital organs.
#8
What is the purpose of the coronary arteries in the cardiovascular system?
Supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
ExplanationCritical for heart muscle function and viability.
#9
Which cardiac rhythm is considered life-threatening and requires immediate intervention?
Ventricular fibrillation
ExplanationCan lead to sudden cardiac death if not treated promptly.
#10
Which of the following is a potential complication of acute heart failure?
Pulmonary edema
ExplanationDue to fluid accumulation in the lungs.
#11
During a stress test, what does the healthcare provider typically monitor?
Heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG
ExplanationTo assess cardiovascular response to stress.
#12
What is the term for the medical procedure to restore normal heart rhythm by delivering an electric shock?
Defibrillation
ExplanationUsed to stop abnormal heart rhythms.
#13
In the context of cardiac physiology, what does the term 'myocardium' refer to?
Heart muscle
ExplanationMuscular layer responsible for heart contraction.
#14
What is the primary function of the pericardium in the heart?
Protecting and lubricating the heart
ExplanationReduces friction during heartbeats and provides protection.
#15
Which enzyme is commonly elevated in the blood during a myocardial infarction?
Creatinine kinase (CK)
ExplanationReleased due to heart muscle damage.
#16
Which medication is commonly prescribed to reduce cholesterol levels and lower the risk of cardiovascular events?
Statins
ExplanationInhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
#17
What is the normal range for the ejection fraction (EF) of the heart?
60-75%
ExplanationPercentage of blood pumped out of the heart during each contraction.