#1
What is the formula to calculate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
CPP = MAP - ICP
ExplanationCPP is calculated as the difference between Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Intracranial Pressure (ICP).
#2
What does MAP stand for in the context of cerebral perfusion pressure?
Mean Arterial Pressure
ExplanationMAP refers to the average arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle and is a key component in CPP calculation.
#3
What is the normal range for cerebral perfusion pressure in adults?
70-100 mmHg
ExplanationThe optimal CPP range for adults is typically maintained between 70 and 100 mmHg.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Monro-Kellie doctrine, often considered in relation to cerebral perfusion pressure?
Blood
ExplanationUnlike brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and cerebral blood volume, blood is not considered a fixed component in the Monro-Kellie doctrine.
#5
Which of the following conditions can lead to decreased cerebral perfusion pressure?
Hypotension
ExplanationLow blood pressure (hypotension) reduces Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), contributing to decreased cerebral perfusion pressure.
#6
What is the primary determinant of cerebral perfusion pressure?
Mean arterial pressure
ExplanationMean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is the primary factor influencing cerebral perfusion pressure.
#7
Which of the following is a common method for monitoring intracranial pressure in clinical practice?
Intraventricular catheter
ExplanationIntraventricular catheters are commonly used for direct and accurate intracranial pressure monitoring in clinical practice.
#8
In traumatic brain injury, why is maintaining an adequate cerebral perfusion pressure important?
All of the above
ExplanationMaintaining adequate CPP helps prevent cerebral ischemia, secondary brain injury, and supports optimal oxygen delivery.
#9
What effect does hyperventilation have on cerebral perfusion pressure?
Increases CPP
ExplanationHyperventilation causes vasoconstriction, reducing intracranial pressure and increasing cerebral perfusion pressure.
#10
Which of the following conditions is associated with autoregulation failure and potential impairment of cerebral perfusion pressure regulation?
Traumatic brain injury
ExplanationTraumatic brain injury can disrupt autoregulation, impacting the ability to maintain normal CPP.
#11
Which of the following factors directly affects mean arterial pressure (MAP) and consequently cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
Heart rate
ExplanationHeart rate influences cardiac output, directly affecting Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and consequently, cerebral perfusion pressure.
#12
In the context of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), what does the term 'critical closing pressure' refer to?
The minimum arterial pressure at which cerebral blood flow ceases
ExplanationCritical closing pressure is the minimum pressure required to maintain cerebral blood flow.