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Biological Terminology and Word Formation Quiz

#1

Which term describes the process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Mitosis
Explanation

Cell division producing identical chromosome number.

#2

What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?

Energy production
Explanation

Mitochondria function as cellular energy producers.

#3

What is the term for the process by which a cell engulfs solid particles?

Phagocytosis
Explanation

Cell engulfing solid particles process.

#4

Which of the following is the smallest unit of life?

Cell
Explanation

Fundamental unit of life.

#5

Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA?

Nucleolus
Explanation

Structure responsible for ribosomal RNA production.

#6

Which of the following describes the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid and a small amount of energy?

Glycolysis
Explanation

Glucose breakdown without oxygen, yielding lactic acid and energy.

#7

What is the term for the joining of two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule?

Replication
Explanation

Formation of double-stranded DNA by joining complementary strands.

#8

What is the term for the process of converting nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form that plants can use?

Nitrogen fixation
Explanation

Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen for plant use.

#9

Which of the following terms describes a type of RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

tRNA
Explanation

RNA carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

#10

Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

Peroxisome
Explanation

Organelle for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell.

#11

Which of the following terms describes a segment of DNA that contains the necessary information to produce a functional product, typically a protein or RNA molecule?

Gene
Explanation

DNA segment with information for protein or RNA production.

#12

What is the term for a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and potentially interbreeding?

Population
Explanation

Interbreeding organisms living in the same area.

#13

Which of the following is a specialized cell type responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the nervous system?

Neuron
Explanation

Specialized cell transmitting electrical signals in the nervous system.

#14

Which of the following structures in a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast
Explanation

Structure in plant cell for photosynthesis.

#15

What is the term for the physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, determined by its genes and environment?

Phenotype
Explanation

Physical and behavioral characteristics determined by genes and environment.

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