#1
What is the term for systematically applying learning principles to change behavior?
Behavior modification
ExplanationApplication of learning principles to alter behavior systematically.
#2
In behavior modification, what does 'positive reinforcement' involve?
Adding a stimulus to increase a behavior
ExplanationIncreasing behavior by introducing a positive stimulus.
#3
Which of the following is an example of a 'conditioned reinforcer'?
Money
ExplanationMoney as a reinforcer linked with learned value.
#4
What does 'extinction' refer to in behavior modification?
The gradual decrease in the frequency of a behavior after it is no longer reinforced
ExplanationReduced behavior frequency post-withdrawal of reinforcement.
#5
What does the term 'token economy' refer to in behavior modification?
A system of rewards used to reinforce desirable behaviors
ExplanationReward system for reinforcing desirable behaviors.
#6
What is 'generalization' in behavior modification?
The tendency for a behavior to occur in situations similar to the one in which it was reinforced
ExplanationBehavior occurrence in similar situations.
#7
What is 'behavioral contracting' in behavior modification?
An agreement between individuals specifying the behaviors expected of each party
ExplanationAgreement specifying expected behaviors for individuals.
#8
What is 'shaping' in behavior modification?
Gradually molding or training an individual to exhibit a specific behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of that behavior
ExplanationMolding behavior through successive reinforcement steps.
#9
In operant conditioning, what is a 'discriminative stimulus'?
A stimulus that signals when a particular response will be reinforced
ExplanationStimulus signaling reinforced response timing.
#10
What does 'chaining' refer to in behavior modification?
Linking a series of behaviors to form a complex behavior sequence
ExplanationConnecting behaviors to create a complex sequence.
#11
What is 'satiation' in behavior modification?
The decrease in the frequency of a behavior due to excessive reinforcement
ExplanationReduced behavior frequency due to excessive reinforcement.
#12
What is 'habit reversal training' used for in behavior modification?
To eliminate unwanted habits or tics
ExplanationElimination of unwanted habits or tics through training.