#1
In the context of attribution theory, which of the following is true regarding internal attribution?
It attributes behavior to external factors.
It attributes behavior to personal characteristics.
It attributes behavior to luck or chance.
It attributes behavior to societal norms.
#2
According to the concept of explanatory style, someone with an optimistic explanatory style is likely to attribute positive events to:
Internal, stable, and global factors.
External, unstable, and specific factors.
Internal, unstable, and specific factors.
External, stable, and global factors.
#3
Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving bias
Actor-observer bias
False consensus effect
#4
Which of the following is a criticism of the fundamental attribution error?
It overemphasizes situational factors.
It neglects the role of individual differences.
It ignores cultural influences.
It underestimates the impact of internal attributions.
#5
According to Weiner's attribution theory, which type of attribution involves attributing success to high effort and failure to lack of effort?
Internal, stable, and global
External, stable, and specific
Internal, unstable, and specific
External, unstable, and global
#6
Which term describes the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal characteristics while attributing our own behavior to external factors?
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
Ultimate attribution error
Actor-observer bias
#7
What does the term 'external locus of control' refer to in the context of attribution theory?
Belief that outcomes are determined by one's own actions.
Belief that outcomes are determined by luck or fate.
Attributing outcomes to stable internal factors.
Attributing outcomes to specific external factors.
#8
In the context of attribution theory, what does the term 'consensus' refer to?
The extent to which a behavior is consistent across different situations.
The extent to which others behave in the same way in similar situations.
The extent to which a behavior is attributed to internal or external causes.
The extent to which a behavior is attributed to stable or unstable causes.
#9
Which theory proposes that people are motivated to explain the causes of behavior, and these explanations can influence their attitudes and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Elaboration likelihood model
Attribution theory
Social identity theory
#10
In attribution theory, what does the term 'attributional bias' refer to?
Tendency to attribute our failures to external factors and successes to internal factors.
Tendency to attribute others' successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Tendency to overestimate the influence of dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors.
Tendency to make attributions based on stereotypes or prejudices.
#11
Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Actor-observer bias
Self-serving bias
Ultimate attribution error
False consensus effect
#12
According to attribution theory, which factor refers to the degree to which the behavior occurs consistently over time?
Consistency
Distinctiveness
Consensus
Attributional bias
#13
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of attribution according to Kelley's covariation model?
Consistency
Consensus
Distinctiveness
Commitment
#14
Which type of attributional style tends to explain positive events as external, unstable, and specific?
Optimistic explanatory style
Pessimistic explanatory style
Realistic explanatory style
Catastrophic explanatory style
#15
In attribution theory, what does the term 'internal locus of control' refer to?
Belief that outcomes are determined by one's own actions.
Belief that outcomes are determined by luck or fate.
Attributing outcomes to stable internal factors.
Attributing outcomes to specific external factors.
#16
Which term describes the tendency to attribute others' behavior to situational factors and overlook dispositional factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Actor-observer bias
Self-serving bias
Ultimate attribution error
#17
In the context of attribution theory, which factor influences whether we attribute behavior to internal or external causes?
Consistency
Attributional bias
Conformity
Distinctiveness
#18
Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions of Weiner's attribution theory?
Locus
Stability
Causality
Magnitude
#19
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional factors and underestimate situational influences is known as:
Actor-observer bias
Self-serving bias
False consensus effect
Ultimate attribution error
#20
Which type of attribution style is associated with explaining negative events as internal, stable, and global?
Optimistic explanatory style
Pessimistic explanatory style
Realistic explanatory style
Catastrophic explanatory style
#21
According to Heider's balance theory, what is true about balanced relationships?
There are no tensions among elements.
There is an equal distribution of power.
There is a congruence between attitudes.
There is no need for reciprocal actions.
#22
Which attribution theory suggests that we infer causes of behavior based on three types of information: consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency?
Attribution theory of emotion
Causal attribution theory
Covariation model
Schema theory
#23
Which attribution theory suggests that people make causal attributions by analyzing multiple observations of an individual's behavior over time?
Causal attribution theory
Covariation model
Schema theory
Attribution theory of emotion