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Analyzing Judicial Decisions in Constitutional Law Quiz

#1

Which principle refers to the authority of a court to declare legislative acts unconstitutional and void?

Judicial review
Explanation

Courts' power to invalidate laws.

#2

Which amendment is primarily concerned with the rights of defendants in criminal cases?

Sixth Amendment
Explanation

Defendants' rights in trials.

#3

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the right to privacy includes a woman's right to choose an abortion, subject to certain limitations?

Roe v. Wade
Explanation

Established abortion rights.

#4

Which amendment did the Supreme Court interpret in 'Obergefell v. Hodges' to require states to license and recognize same-sex marriage?

Fourteenth Amendment
Explanation

Equal marriage rights.

#5

Which Supreme Court case established that the right to counsel is provided under the Sixth Amendment for defendants in criminal cases if they cannot afford an attorney?

Gideon v. Wainwright
Explanation

Right to free counsel in criminal cases.

#6

Which constitutional amendment was at the heart of the 'Roe v. Wade' decision?

Fourteenth Amendment
Explanation

Privacy rights amendment.

#7

In which landmark case did the U.S. Supreme Court establish the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison
Explanation

Established by U.S. Supreme Court.

#8

What doctrine allows for the federal constitution to take precedence over state laws?

Supremacy Clause
Explanation

Federal law prevails over state law.

#9

Which case did the U.S. Supreme Court use to establish the 'one person, one vote' principle?

Reynolds v. Sims
Explanation

Equal voting power principle.

#10

What legal concept allows states to pass laws that can differ from federal laws, within certain bounds?

Federalism
Explanation

Division of powers between federal and state.

#11

Which case established the 'clear and present danger' test for free speech cases?

Schenck v. United States
Explanation

Test for speech limitations.

#12

In 'District of Columbia v. Heller', what was the Supreme Court's interpretation regarding the Second Amendment?

It protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms, unconnected with service in a militia
Explanation

Individual gun ownership right.

#13

Which standard of review does the Supreme Court use for cases involving race discrimination?

Strict scrutiny
Explanation

Exacting judicial examination.

#14

What concept involves the Supreme Court interpreting the Constitution to reflect contemporary societal values?

Living Constitution
Explanation

Interpreting the Constitution dynamically.

#15

Which principle is demonstrated when the Supreme Court applies the rights and liberties found in the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment?

Selective incorporation
Explanation

Bill of Rights applied to states.

#16

What legal principle was affirmed by the Supreme Court in 'National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius' regarding the Affordable Care Act?

B & C are correct
Explanation

Affirmed individual mandate.

#17

What is the 'Lemon test', which is used to determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?

All of the above
Explanation

Criteria for church-state separation.

#18

What doctrine did the Supreme Court establish in 'Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.'?

Deference to administrative agency's interpretation of a statute
Explanation

Agency interpretation deference.

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