#1
Which of the following is a common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
ExplanationCommon bacterial cause, especially in the community setting.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of pneumonia?
Dry cough
ExplanationPneumonia symptoms usually involve productive cough.
#3
Which age group is most at risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?
Elderly individuals aged 65 years and older
ExplanationDecreased swallowing reflex and comorbidities increase risk in the elderly.
#4
Which vaccine is recommended for preventing pneumococcal pneumonia in adults over 65 years old?
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)
ExplanationRecommended as part of routine immunization for elderly.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for developing pneumonia?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise generally reduces the risk of pneumonia.
#6
Which imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose pneumonia?
X-ray
ExplanationStandard imaging modality for initial diagnosis.
#7
Which of the following antibiotic classes is commonly used as empirical treatment for pneumonia in immunocompetent patients?
Macrolides
ExplanationBroad-spectrum antibiotics often used as first-line treatment.
#8
Which laboratory test is commonly elevated in bacterial pneumonia?
C-reactive protein (CRP)
ExplanationIndicates inflammation and can help in diagnosis and monitoring.
#9
Which scoring system is used to assess the severity of pneumonia and guide initial management decisions?
CURB-65 score
ExplanationAssesses confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age.
#10
Which medication class should be used cautiously in patients with pneumonia due to the risk of causing acute respiratory failure?
Corticosteroids
ExplanationMay worsen infection and delay healing of lung tissue.
#11
Which clinical finding is suggestive of severe pneumonia and may warrant ICU admission?
Confusion or altered mental status
ExplanationIndicative of systemic involvement and potential for respiratory failure.
#12
Which of the following is a potential complication of pneumonia characterized by accumulation of fluid around the lungs?
Pleural effusion
ExplanationCommon complication causing chest pain and respiratory distress.
#13
Which radiographic finding is suggestive of viral pneumonia rather than bacterial pneumonia?
Patchy consolidation
ExplanationCommon finding in viral pneumonia due to less uniform inflammation.
#14
Which population group is most susceptible to developing healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)?
Hospitalized patients
ExplanationIncreased risk due to exposure to healthcare facilities and devices.
#15
Which of the following is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of severe pneumonia?
Acute kidney injury
ExplanationOften due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).