#1
Which of the following is a typical symptom of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
Shortness of breath
ExplanationShortness of breath is a common symptom of ACS, indicating inadequate oxygen supply to the heart.
#2
What is the most common cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
Atherosclerosis
ExplanationAtherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque in arteries, is the leading cause of ACS.
#3
Which enzyme is typically elevated in blood tests during Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
Creatine kinase (CK)
ExplanationElevated CK levels in blood tests indicate myocardial damage, a key feature of ACS.
#4
Which ECG change is commonly seen in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
ST-segment elevation or depression
ExplanationST-segment changes on ECG are indicative of myocardial ischemia or injury in ACS.
#5
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of unstable angina?
Chest pain relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
ExplanationUnstable angina is characterized by chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion.
#6
Which cardiac marker is typically used to diagnose myocardial infarction?
Troponin
ExplanationTroponin is a specific biomarker indicating myocardial infarction and is commonly used for diagnosis.
#7
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
Obesity
ExplanationObesity is a known risk factor for ACS, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis.
#8
Which type of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) presents with persistent ST-segment elevation on ECG?
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
ExplanationSTEMI is characterized by sustained ST-segment elevation on ECG, indicating ongoing myocardial damage.
#9
What is the recommended initial treatment for suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in a hospital setting?
Oxygen therapy
ExplanationOxygen therapy helps improve oxygen supply to the heart during ACS episodes.
#10
Which artery is most commonly affected in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
Left anterior descending (LAD) artery
ExplanationThe LAD artery is frequently involved in STEMI, leading to significant myocardial damage.
#11
Which medication is recommended as first-line therapy to reduce mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
ExplanationACE inhibitors are crucial for reducing mortality and improving outcomes post-myocardial infarction.
#12
Which complication of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is characterized by rupture of the fibrous cap of an atherosclerotic plaque?
Coronary artery thrombosis
ExplanationCoronary artery thrombosis, caused by plaque rupture, can lead to severe complications in ACS.
#13
Which imaging modality is commonly used to assess coronary artery anatomy and identify blockages?
Computed tomography angiography (CTA)
ExplanationCTA is a common imaging technique for visualizing coronary arteries and detecting blockages in ACS.
#14
Which class of medications is used as a primary antiplatelet therapy in the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
P2Y12 inhibitors
ExplanationP2Y12 inhibitors play a key role in preventing platelet aggregation and are primary in ACS management.
#15
Which of the following laboratory findings is indicative of myocardial injury?
Elevated troponin levels
ExplanationElevated troponin levels in blood indicate myocardial injury, a critical marker in ACS diagnosis.