Virology and Molecular Biology Quiz

Viruses require a host cell for replication, they cannot replicate independently.

Herpes simplex virus is a common DNA virus, causing oral and genital herpes infections in humans.

Measles virus is a positive-sense RNA virus, meaning its genome can be directly translated by host ribosomes.

Vertical transmission refers to the transfer of a virus from parent to offspring, which is not a common method of viral transmission among humans.

Reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA, a crucial step in the retroviral replication cycle.

The capsid encapsulates and protects the viral genome, aiding in its delivery into host cells.

Exocytosis is a cellular process of releasing substances from a cell, not a mechanism for viral entry into cells.

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria.

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA using ribosomes, which viruses hijack for their protein synthesis.

Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave nucleic acids at specific sites, a process utilized by some RNA viruses during replication.

Negative-sense RNA viruses cannot be directly translated by host ribosomes; they require the synthesis of a complementary positive-sense RNA strand or a DNA intermediate for replication.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with the development of cervical and other types of cancers in humans.