#1
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a virus?
Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
ExplanationDistinctive structure comprising genetic material enveloped by a protein coat.
#2
What is the term for the process by which a virus enters a host cell?
Endocytosis
ExplanationInternalization of viruses into host cells, a crucial infection step.
#3
Which of the following is an example of an RNA virus?
Influenza virus
ExplanationSpecific virus utilizing RNA as its genetic material.
#4
What is the primary target of the hepatitis C virus?
Liver
ExplanationMain organ affected by hepatitis C viral infection.
#5
Which of the following is a common symptom of viral respiratory infections?
Coughing
ExplanationFrequent sign of respiratory viral illnesses.
#6
What is the primary function of the viral protein coat (capsid)?
Protection of the genetic material
ExplanationEssential shielding of viral genome from external threats.
#7
Which of the following is a step in the viral replication cycle?
Reverse transcription
ExplanationConversion of viral RNA into DNA, crucial in certain viral life cycles.
#8
Which type of genetic material is found in retroviruses?
RNA
ExplanationRetroviruses utilize RNA as their genetic material.
#9
What is a characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
Presence of a lipid bilayer
ExplanationDistinguishing lipid layer encasing viral particles.
#10
What is the main target of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of HIV?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationPrimary target for inhibiting HIV replication.
#11
Which of the following is a zoonotic virus?
Influenza virus
ExplanationVirus capable of transmission from animals to humans.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prions?
Misfolded proteins
ExplanationAbnormal protein conformation causing disease.
#13
What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
ExplanationSpecific type of virus targeting bacterial hosts.
#14
Which of the following is a viral pathogenesis mechanism?
Immune system suppression
ExplanationVirally induced inhibition of host immune responses.
#15
Which enzyme is essential for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationKey enzyme facilitating the conversion of RNA to DNA.
#16
What is the term for the period between viral infection and the onset of symptoms?
Incubation period
ExplanationInterval from infection to symptom manifestation.
#17
What is the role of neuraminidase in influenza virus?
Budding of new virions
ExplanationFacilitates the release of newly formed viral particles.
#18
Which type of viral infection can persist in a host for an extended period without causing symptoms?
Latent infection
ExplanationVirus remains dormant within host cells, not causing symptoms.
#19
Which cellular component do retroviruses primarily target for infection?
CD4-positive T cells
ExplanationSpecific immune cells susceptible to retroviral infection.