#1
Which of the following is true about the structure of viruses?
Viruses are composed of a protein coat and genetic material
ExplanationViruses consist of a protein coat encapsulating genetic material.
#2
What is the process by which a virus injects its genetic material into a host cell?
Cellular penetration
ExplanationCellular penetration refers to the process of virus injecting its genetic material into host cells.
#3
Which of the following viruses causes AIDS?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
ExplanationHIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, causes AIDS.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for preventing viral infections?
Antibiotic treatment
ExplanationAntibiotic treatment is not effective against viral infections.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a common site of entry for respiratory viruses?
Gastrointestinal tract
ExplanationRespiratory viruses typically do not enter through the gastrointestinal tract.
#6
What is the function of the viral capsid?
To contain and protect the viral genetic material
ExplanationViral capsid encloses and protects viral genetic material.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral transmission?
Spontaneous generation
ExplanationSpontaneous generation is not a method of viral transmission; it's a disproven theory.
#8
Which enzyme is responsible for replicating RNA into DNA in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA into DNA in retroviruses.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA viruses?
Their genetic material is double-stranded
ExplanationDNA viruses have double-stranded genetic material.
#10
What is the primary target of antiviral drugs that inhibit viral replication?
Viral polymerases or proteases
ExplanationAntiviral drugs target viral polymerases or proteases to inhibit replication.
#11
Which of the following is a feature of RNA viruses?
They often have segmented genomes
ExplanationRNA viruses frequently have segmented genomes.
#12
What is the mechanism by which retroviruses integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA?
Integration
ExplanationRetroviruses integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA.
#13
What is a characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
They have an outer lipid membrane derived from the host cell
ExplanationEnveloped viruses possess an outer lipid membrane obtained from the host cell.
#14
What is the role of neuraminidase in influenza virus infection?
Helps release virions from infected cells
ExplanationNeuraminidase aids in releasing virions from infected cells during influenza infection.
#15
What is a viroid?
A naked infectious particle composed solely of RNA
ExplanationViroid is an infectious RNA particle lacking a protein coat.
#16
Which of the following is a strategy employed by viruses to evade the host immune response?
Mutating surface antigens
ExplanationViruses evade host immune response by mutating surface antigens.
#17
What is antigenic shift in the context of viral evolution?
Exchange of genetic material between different virus strains
ExplanationAntigenic shift involves the exchange of genetic material between different virus strains.
#18
Which of the following is a mechanism by which viruses can cause cancer?
Inserting viral oncogenes into the host cell genome
ExplanationViruses can cause cancer by inserting viral oncogenes into the host cell genome.