#1
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of enveloped viruses?
Possession of a lipid envelope
ExplanationEnveloped viruses carry lipid bilayer.
#2
Which of the following is an example of a retrovirus?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
ExplanationHIV is a well-known retrovirus.
#3
Which structural component of the virion is responsible for host cell recognition and attachment?
Spikes
ExplanationSpikes enable host cell attachment.
#4
What is the primary function of a viral capsid?
To protect the viral genome
ExplanationCapsid shields viral genetic material.
#5
What is the purpose of the viral spike proteins?
To facilitate viral entry into host cells
ExplanationSpike proteins aid in cell invasion.
#6
Which viral enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a complementary DNA strand from an RNA template?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA.
#7
In the context of viral infections, what does the term 'cytopathic effect' refer to?
The visible damage or alteration of host cell morphology
ExplanationCytopathic effect is visible cellular damage.
#8
What is the main function of the viral polymerase during the replication of RNA viruses?
Synthesizing complementary RNA strands
ExplanationPolymerase creates RNA copies.
#9
Which viral classification is based on the type of nucleic acid they contain?
Baltimore classification
ExplanationClassifies viruses by genetic material.
#10
What is the primary determinant of host range in viruses?
Viral receptor recognition
ExplanationHost range is dictated by receptor binding.
#11
What is the primary role of the viral matrix protein in enveloped viruses?
Maintaining the structure of the virion
ExplanationMatrix protein upholds virion structure.
#12
Which viral classification system categorizes viruses based on their genetic material and replication strategy?
Baltimore classification
ExplanationBaltimore system categorizes by genetics.
#13
What is the purpose of the viral integrase enzyme in retroviruses?
Integrating viral DNA into the host genome
ExplanationIntegrase incorporates viral DNA into host.