#1
In which step of viral replication does the virus inject its genetic material into the host cell?
Penetration
ExplanationPenetration is the step where the virus introduces its genetic material into the host cell.
#2
Which type of virus is known for causing persistent infections and can remain dormant in the host cell?
Herpesviruses
ExplanationHerpesviruses cause persistent infections and can stay dormant in the host cell.
#3
Which step in viral replication involves the release of new viral particles from the host cell?
Release
ExplanationRelease is the final step where new viral particles exit the host cell.
#4
During which stage of viral replication are viral components packaged into new virions?
Assembly
ExplanationAssembly is the stage where viral components are packaged into new virions.
#5
During which stage of viral replication are viral components disassembled to release the viral genome into the host cell?
Uncoating
ExplanationUncoating is the stage where viral components are disassembled to release the viral genome.
#6
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand using a DNA template?
RNA polymerase
ExplanationRNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using a DNA template during transcription.
#7
Which type of viruses integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA as a provirus?
Retroviruses
ExplanationRetroviruses integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, forming a provirus.
#8
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during viral replication?
Helicase
ExplanationHelicase unwinds the DNA double helix, facilitating replication.
#9
During which stage of the lytic cycle are new viral particles assembled?
Assembly
ExplanationAssembly is the stage where new viral particles are constructed in the lytic cycle.
#10
Which type of genetic exchange involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through a virus?
Transduction
ExplanationTransduction involves the transfer of bacterial DNA via a viral vector.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a method of genetic exchange among viruses?
Conjugation
ExplanationConjugation is not a method of genetic exchange in viruses; it is a bacterial process.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the lytic cycle in viral replication?
Integration
ExplanationIntegration is not a stage in the lytic cycle; it occurs in the lysogenic cycle.
#13
Which process occurs when a virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell's genome?
Integration
ExplanationIntegration is the process where viral DNA becomes part of the host cell's genome.
#14
Which enzyme is crucial for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA during retroviral replication.
#15
Which stage of viral replication involves the translation of viral RNA into viral proteins?
Biosynthesis
ExplanationBiosynthesis is where viral RNA is translated into proteins during viral replication.