#1
Which of the following stages involves the release of mature viral particles from the host cell?
Release
ExplanationRelease stage: Mature viral particles are released from the host cell.
#2
Which viral life cycle stage involves the injection of viral genome into the host cell?
Penetration
ExplanationPenetration stage: Viral genome is injected into the host cell.
#3
What is the primary function of the viral protein coat or capsid?
To protect the viral genome
ExplanationCapsid protects the viral genome.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of viral entry into host cells?
Exocytosis
ExplanationExocytosis is not a mechanism of viral entry.
#5
Which stage of the viral life cycle involves the synthesis of viral proteins using host cell machinery?
Translation
ExplanationTranslation stage: Viral proteins are synthesized using host cell machinery.
#6
What occurs during the integration stage of the viral life cycle in a lysogenic infection?
Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome
ExplanationIntegration stage: Viral DNA becomes part of the host genome.
#7
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from RNA in retroviruses.
#8
During the eclipse phase of the viral life cycle, what is happening to viral particles?
They are not detectable within the host cell
ExplanationViral particles are not detectable during the eclipse phase.
#9
In which type of viral replication cycle does the host cell remain viable after viral release?
Lysogenic cycle
ExplanationHost cell remains viable in the lysogenic cycle.
#10
During which stage of the viral life cycle does the viral genome integrate into the host cell's DNA in a lysogenic infection?
Integration
ExplanationIntegration stage: Viral genome integrates into host cell DNA.
#11
During which stage of the viral life cycle do newly synthesized viral components assemble to form mature virions?
Assembly
ExplanationAssembly stage: Newly synthesized viral components come together to form mature virions.
#12
What is the function of the viral enzyme neuraminidase?
Promotes the release of virions from infected cells
ExplanationNeuraminidase promotes the release of virions.
#13
What is the role of the viral protein hemagglutinin during the viral life cycle?
Facilitates attachment to host cells
ExplanationHemagglutinin facilitates attachment to host cells.
#14
What is the significance of the latency stage in the viral life cycle?
It allows the virus to evade host immune responses
ExplanationLatency stage allows virus to evade host immune responses.
#15
What is the role of the viral enzyme DNA polymerase during the viral life cycle?
Assists in viral genome replication
ExplanationDNA polymerase assists in viral genome replication.