#1
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by viruses for entry into host cells?
Exocytosis
ExplanationExocytosis is a process of cellular secretion, not viral entry.
#2
Which cellular receptor is commonly used by HIV for entry into host cells?
CD4
ExplanationHIV primarily targets CD4 receptors for cellular entry.
#3
Which viral protein facilitates the fusion of viral and host cell membranes during viral entry?
Hemagglutinin
ExplanationHemagglutinin aids in the fusion of viral and host cell membranes.
#4
Which virus utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis for its entry into host cells?
Influenza virus
ExplanationInfluenza virus enters host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
#5
Which of the following viruses primarily enters host cells via membrane fusion at neutral pH?
Measles virus
ExplanationMeasles virus primarily fuses with host cell membranes at neutral pH.
#6
Which cellular protein acts as a primary receptor for the Ebola virus?
DC-SIGN
ExplanationDC-SIGN is a primary receptor for the Ebola virus.
#7
Which of the following is a mechanism used by bacteriophages for entry into bacterial cells?
Injection of genetic material
ExplanationBacteriophages inject their genetic material into bacterial cells for entry.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of viroporins?
They form ion channels in host membranes
ExplanationViroporins form ion channels in host cell membranes.