#1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
They can reproduce independently
ExplanationViruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
#2
What is the protein coat surrounding the genetic material of a virus called?
Capsid
ExplanationCapsid provides protection to the viral genome.
#3
Which of the following viruses is responsible for causing the common cold?
Rhinovirus
ExplanationRhinovirus is a common cold-causing virus.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a method for controlling viral infections?
Use of antibiotics
ExplanationAntibiotics target bacteria, not viruses.
#5
What is the name of the process by which a virus enters a host cell?
Entry
ExplanationEntry involves virus binding and penetration.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a method of viral transmission?
Plant-to-human transmission
ExplanationViruses typically do not infect across kingdoms.
#7
Which of the following is the correct order of the viral replication cycle?
Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation, Release
ExplanationReplication cycle involves these sequential steps.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a retrovirus?
HIV
ExplanationHIV is a well-known retrovirus.
#9
Which of the following is the correct classification of viruses?
Not classified into any kingdom or domain
ExplanationThey lack characteristics of living organisms.
#10
What is the name for a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
ExplanationBacteriophages specifically infect bacteria.
#11
What is the mechanism by which enveloped viruses release from host cells?
Budding
ExplanationThey bud off from host cell membranes.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a type of viral genome?
Double-stranded RNA
ExplanationRNA viruses have single-stranded RNA genomes.
#13
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
To synthesize viral DNA from viral RNA
ExplanationIt converts viral RNA into DNA.
#14
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Zika virus?
Associated with microcephaly in newborns
ExplanationZika virus infection during pregnancy can lead to microcephaly.
#15
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving viral proteins from a polyprotein precursor during viral replication?
Protease
ExplanationIt is essential for the maturation of viral proteins.
#16
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the lytic cycle of viral replication?
Attachment, Penetration, Replication, Assembly, Release
ExplanationLytic cycle leads to host cell lysis and viral release.