#1
What does GFR stand for in the context of kidney health?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
ExplanationMeasurement of how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute
#2
Where does glomerular filtration occur in the kidney?
Renal cortex
ExplanationOuter part of the kidney where blood is filtered
#3
In which unit is GFR typically measured?
Liters per minute
ExplanationVolume of blood filtered by the kidneys per minute
#4
What is the significance of estimating GFR in clinical practice?
To assess kidney function
ExplanationGFR estimation helps diagnose and monitor kidney diseases
#5
What substance is commonly used to estimate GFR?
Creatinine
ExplanationWaste product from muscles filtered by the kidneys
#6
Which of the following factors can affect GFR?
Blood pressure
ExplanationHigher blood pressure can increase GFR
#7
What role does the glomerulus play in the process of glomerular filtration?
It acts as a filter
ExplanationThe glomerulus filters blood to form urine
#8
Which of the following conditions can lead to a decrease in GFR?
Dehydration
ExplanationLack of fluid intake can reduce GFR
#9
What is the primary function of the kidneys in relation to GFR?
Filtration of blood
ExplanationKidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood
#10
What is the term for the process of returning substances from the filtrate back into the blood?
Reabsorption
ExplanationProcess where useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood
#11
What is the relationship between GFR and age?
GFR decreases with age
ExplanationAs people age, their GFR typically decreases
#12
What is the approximate normal range for GFR in healthy adults?
60-120 mL/min
ExplanationHealthy GFR typically falls in this range
#13
What is the effect of a decrease in GFR on the body's electrolyte balance?
It increases electrolyte levels
ExplanationReduced GFR can lead to electrolyte imbalances
#14
Which of the following is NOT a method to estimate GFR?
Albumin excretion rate
ExplanationA measure of kidney damage, not GFR
#15
Which of the following hormones regulates GFR by controlling blood volume and pressure?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
ExplanationSystem that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
#16
Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Rapid decrease in GFR
ExplanationCKD is characterized by a gradual decrease in GFR
#17
Which of the following is a consequence of a low GFR?
Uremia
ExplanationBuild-up of waste products in the blood due to poor kidney function
#18
What is the typical progression of GFR decline in chronic kidney disease?
Gradual decline in GFR
ExplanationGFR tends to decrease slowly over time in CKD