#1
At what age does a child typically begin to babble and coo?
4-6 months
ExplanationBabbling and cooing typically emerge between 4-6 months as part of early language development.
#2
Which of the following is considered a milestone in social development during early childhood?
Parallel play
ExplanationParallel play, where children play alongside but not directly with each other, is a key milestone in early social development.
#3
At what age range does the 'terrible twos' phase typically occur, characterized by increased assertiveness and temper tantrums?
18-24 months
ExplanationThe 'terrible twos' phase, marked by assertiveness and tantrums, typically occurs between 18-24 months.
#4
Which of the following is a key aspect of social-emotional development in early childhood?
Parallel play
ExplanationParallel play, where children play alongside each other, is a key aspect of social-emotional development in early childhood.
#5
Which of the following is a key factor influencing socioemotional development in adolescence?
Peer relationships
ExplanationPeer relationships play a key role in influencing socioemotional development during adolescence.
#6
Which theorist is known for the stages of psychosocial development, including stages such as trust vs. mistrust?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson is known for psychosocial stages, including the early stage of trust vs. mistrust in infancy.
#7
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver, crucial for social and emotional development.
#8
What is the term for the process of children adapting to or building on existing mental structures as they encounter new information?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing mental structures, a fundamental aspect of cognitive development.
#9
During adolescence, what is the primary task according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationThe primary task in adolescence, according to Erikson, is resolving the conflict of Identity vs. Role Confusion.
#10
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that individuals have different types of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationHoward Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, recognizing diverse intellectual abilities.
#11
What is the term for the stage in Piaget's cognitive development theory where a child begins to use language and represent objects with words and images?
Preoperational
ExplanationThe preoperational stage in Piaget's theory involves the use of language and symbolic representation of objects.
#12
During which stage of cognitive development, as per Piaget's theory, does a child develop object permanence?
Sensorimotor
ExplanationObject permanence develops in the sensorimotor stage, where infants learn that objects exist even when not visible.
#13
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the term for the difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help?
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
ExplanationThe Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the gap between a child's independent abilities and what they can achieve with guidance, according to Vygotsky.
#14
In the context of moral development, which theorist proposed stages such as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationLawrence Kohlberg proposed stages of moral development, including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality.
#15
What is the term for the process of shaping behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors and punishing undesired ones?
Operant Conditioning
ExplanationOperant Conditioning is the process of behavior modification through reinforcement and punishment.
#16
During which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development does a person typically explore questions of purpose and meaning in life?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
ExplanationGenerativity vs. Stagnation is the stage in Erikson's theory where individuals explore life's purpose and meaning.
#17
According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development do children develop the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and ponder philosophical questions?
Formal Operational
ExplanationFormal Operational stage in Piaget's theory involves abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and philosophical pondering.