#1
Which of the following represents a normal sinus rhythm on an ECG?
P wave before each QRS complex
ExplanationNormal rhythm characterized by atrial depolarization preceding ventricular depolarization.
#2
What is the typical heart rate range for sinus tachycardia?
100-150 beats per minute
ExplanationElevated heart rate originating from the sinus node, often due to physiological stress or excitement.
#3
Which ECG lead placement is used to assess for right ventricular infarction?
Lead V1
ExplanationProvides a view of the right ventricle, crucial for detecting infarctions.
#4
Which ECG lead is commonly used to detect ST-segment changes indicative of myocardial ischemia?
Lead V4
ExplanationProvides a view of the left ventricle and is commonly used to assess for ischemic changes.
#5
Which ECG lead is commonly used to diagnose posterior wall myocardial infarction?
Lead V4R
ExplanationProvides a view of the right ventricular wall, useful for detecting posterior wall infarctions.
#6
What is the term for a delay in the electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles?
Heart block
ExplanationImpaired transmission of electrical signals from atria to ventricles.
#7
Which ECG finding is characteristic of atrial fibrillation?
Absence of P waves
ExplanationIrregular heart rhythm with chaotic atrial activity and no discernible P waves.
#8
Which ECG lead is commonly used to diagnose myocardial infarction?
Lead V1
ExplanationProvides a view of the septum and right ventricle, useful for detecting infarctions.
#9
What is the term for an abnormally slow heart rate?
Bradycardia
ExplanationHeart rate below normal, often below 60 beats per minute.
#10
What does the PR interval on an ECG represent?
Time taken for atrial depolarization
ExplanationDuration from onset of atrial depolarization to onset of ventricular depolarization.
#11
Which arrhythmia presents with a 'sine wave' pattern on ECG and is considered a medical emergency?
Ventricular fibrillation
ExplanationChaotic, irregular ventricular rhythm leading to rapid cardiac collapse if not treated immediately.
#12
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with a prolonged QT interval on ECG?
Hypokalemia
ExplanationLow potassium levels leading to delayed repolarization and QT interval prolongation.
#13
Which ECG finding is characteristic of ventricular tachycardia?
Wide, bizarre QRS complexes
ExplanationRapid, regular heart rhythm originating in the ventricles with widened QRS complexes.
#14
Which ECG finding is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome?
Delta wave
ExplanationPre-excitation syndrome characterized by a slurred upstroke of the QRS complex.
#15
In which condition would you typically find a 'sawtooth' pattern on an ECG?
Atrial flutter
ExplanationRegular atrial rhythm with a characteristic 'sawtooth' appearance.
#16
What does a peaked T wave indicate on an ECG?
Hyperkalemia
ExplanationHigh potassium levels leading to rapid repolarization and peaked T waves.
#17
Which ECG finding is characteristic of complete heart block?
Prolonged PR interval with dropped beats
ExplanationAtrioventricular dissociation with prolonged PR interval and dropped beats.