#1
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationFounder of psychoanalytic theory, focused on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
#2
Which psychologist proposed the hierarchy of needs in his theory of motivation?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationDeveloped hierarchy of needs, key figure in humanistic psychology.
#3
In Freudian psychoanalysis, what is the primary focus of the id?
Pleasure principle
ExplanationId: focuses on immediate pleasure and gratification.
#4
Who developed the theory of conditional positive regard in the context of humanistic psychology?
Carl Rogers
ExplanationHumanistic psychology: introduced theory of conditional positive regard.
#5
According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is the primary developmental task during the stage of 'identity vs. role confusion'?
Achieving a sense of identity
ExplanationErikson's psychosocial theory: central task is achieving a sense of identity.
#6
Which personality theory emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences?
Psychoanalytic Theory
ExplanationEmphasizes unconscious mind and childhood experiences in shaping personality.
#7
In the context of defense mechanisms, what does 'denial' involve?
Refusing to acknowledge reality or the existence of a problem
ExplanationDefense mechanism: refusing to accept reality or problems.
#8
In the context of personality assessment, what does the Rorschach inkblot test primarily measure?
Unconscious thoughts and feelings
ExplanationProjective test: measures unconscious thoughts and feelings.
#9
What is the central idea behind Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?
The reciprocal interaction between behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences
ExplanationEmphasizes interaction between behavior, personal factors, and environment.
#10
Who proposed the concept of the 'inferiority complex' and the drive for 'self-actualization'?
Alfred Adler
ExplanationIntroduced concepts of inferiority complex and self-actualization in individual psychology.
#11
What is the primary focus of the behavioral perspective in understanding personality?
Observable behavior and external influences
ExplanationFocuses on observable behavior and external influences.
#12
According to the Five Factor Model (Big Five), which of the following is not one of the five major personality traits?
Hedonism
ExplanationNot a Big Five trait; Hedonism is the pursuit of pleasure.
#13
What defense mechanism involves attributing one's thoughts and feelings to someone else?
Projection
ExplanationDefense mechanism: attributing one's thoughts and feelings to others.
#14
Which defense mechanism involves retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development?
Regression
ExplanationDefense mechanism: reverting to a more infantile stage of development.
#15
Who proposed the idea of archetypes and the collective unconscious in his theory of analytical psychology?
Carl Jung
ExplanationAnalytical psychology founder, introduced archetypes and collective unconscious.
#16
Which of the following is a projective personality test involving the completion of ambiguous sentences?
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
ExplanationProjective test: involves completing sentences to reveal underlying thoughts and feelings.
#17
According to the psychodynamic perspective, what is the purpose of the ego?
To mediate between the demands of the id, superego, and reality
ExplanationEgo: mediates between id, superego, and reality in psychodynamic theory.