#1
Which theory of interest group influence suggests that interest groups are essentially good and necessary for democracy?
Pluralist theory
ExplanationPluralist theory asserts that interest groups contribute positively to democracy by representing diverse interests.
#2
According to pluralist theory, how are interest groups expected to influence policy?
By competing with each other to influence policy
ExplanationPluralist theory posits that interest groups influence policy by engaging in competition to shape government decisions.
#3
What is grassroots lobbying?
Lobbying conducted by interest groups with the support of ordinary citizens
ExplanationGrassroots lobbying involves interest groups mobilizing ordinary citizens to advocate for their causes and influence policymakers.
#4
Which term refers to a coordinated effort by multiple interest groups to achieve a common goal?
Coalition building
ExplanationCoalition building involves multiple interest groups collaborating to pursue a shared goal or influence policymaking.
#5
What is a political action committee (PAC)?
A committee formed by interest groups to support political candidates or parties
ExplanationA political action committee (PAC) is formed by interest groups to provide financial support to political candidates or parties.
#6
Which theory suggests that interest group influence has become counterproductive, leading to government gridlock?
Hyperpluralist theory
ExplanationHyperpluralist theory argues that excessive interest group influence can lead to policy gridlock and dysfunction.
#7
Which theory of interest group influence focuses on the role of political elites in shaping policy outcomes?
Elite theory
ExplanationElite theory emphasizes the role of political elites in shaping policies, with less emphasis on broader interest group participation.
#8
In the context of interest group influence, what does the term 'iron triangle' refer to?
A situation where interest groups, government agencies, and congressional committees cooperate to promote mutual interests
ExplanationThe 'iron triangle' describes a cooperative relationship between interest groups, government agencies, and congressional committees to pursue shared interests.
#9
Which concept suggests that wealthy individuals and corporations have disproportionate influence over policymaking?
Power elite theory
ExplanationPower elite theory asserts that a small, wealthy elite holds significant influence over policymaking, shaping decisions in their favor.
#10
What is a 'revolving door' in the context of interest group influence?
A practice where individuals move between government positions and jobs in the private sector, often within industries they used to regulate
ExplanationThe 'revolving door' refers to individuals transitioning between government roles and private sector jobs, potentially leading to conflicts of interest.
#11
According to the transactional theory, what is the primary concern of interest groups?
Pursuing their own interests through transactions with government officials
ExplanationTransactional theory posits that interest groups aim to advance their interests by engaging in transactions with government officials.
#12
According to the iron law of oligarchy, what tends to happen within organizations over time?
Power becomes concentrated in the hands of a few individuals
ExplanationThe iron law of oligarchy posits that over time, power tends to concentrate in the hands of a small group within organizations.
#13
Which theory suggests that interest groups may collaborate with government officials to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes?
Exchange theory
ExplanationExchange theory proposes that interest groups and government officials may collaborate to achieve outcomes beneficial to both parties.
#14
What is astroturf lobbying?
Lobbying by fake grassroots organizations funded by corporations or other interest groups
ExplanationAstroturf lobbying involves creating fake grassroots organizations to simulate grassroots support for a cause, often funded by corporations or interest groups.
#15
What is the 'Iron Law of Responsibility'?
A principle stating that interest groups must be held accountable for their actions and their impact on society
ExplanationThe 'Iron Law of Responsibility' asserts that interest groups must be accountable for their actions and their broader impact on society.