#1
Which theorist is associated with the psychosocial stages of development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed the psychosocial stages of development emphasizing social interactions.
#2
According to Albert Bandura, what concept refers to the process of learning by observing others and modeling their behaviors?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory, by Albert Bandura, is the process of learning through observation and modeling behaviors.
#3
Who proposed the stages of psychosocial development, emphasizing the importance of social interactions across the lifespan?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed stages of psychosocial development highlighting social interactions throughout life.
#4
Who is credited with the concept of 'attachment theory' in the study of human development?
John Bowlby
ExplanationAttachment theory is credited to John Bowlby in the study of human development.
#5
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationThe concept of the Zone of Proximal Development is associated with Lev Vygotsky.
#6
What is the term for the cognitive development process where existing schemas are adjusted or modified to accommodate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation refers to adjusting existing mental structures to incorporate new information in cognitive development.
#7
According to Freud, which component of the personality operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification?
Id
ExplanationThe Id, according to Freud, operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Extraneous
ExplanationExtraneous is not a stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
#9
What is the primary focus of the socio-cultural theory of development proposed by Lev Vygotsky?
Cognitive development
ExplanationLev Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory emphasizes cognitive development through social interactions.
#10
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what term is used to describe the process of understanding new information by incorporating it into existing mental structures?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation in Piaget's theory is integrating new information into existing mental structures.
#11
What is the primary focus of the ecological systems theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner?
Social interactions
ExplanationUrie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory focuses on the impact of social interactions on development.
#12
In the context of human development, what does the term 'sensitive period' refer to?
A time during which development is particularly vulnerable to negative influences
ExplanationSensitive period refers to a time in development vulnerable to negative influences.
#13
Which factor is considered a key influence in Bronfenbrenner's microsystem?
Family and peers
ExplanationFamily and peers are key influences in Bronfenbrenner's microsystem.
#14
What does the term 'epigenetics' refer to in the context of human development?
The influence of environmental factors on gene expression
ExplanationEpigenetics refers to environmental factors influencing gene expression in human development.
#15
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what level of moral reasoning is characterized by an individual following rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards?
Preconventional
ExplanationPreconventional level in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory is following rules for rewards or avoiding punishment.