#1
Which theorist is associated with the psychosocial stages of development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed psychosocial stages of development.
#2
According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about 2 years old?
Sensorimotor stage
ExplanationPiaget's sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to about 2 years old.
#3
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Assimilation vs. Accommodation
ExplanationAssimilation vs. Accommodation is not a stage in Erik Erikson's theory.
#4
Who is known for the theory of cognitive development that emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky is known for emphasizing social interaction in cognitive development.
#5
Which theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, and reciprocal determinism?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory emphasizes observational learning, self-efficacy, and reciprocal determinism.
#6
What does the 'nurture' component of the nature vs. nurture debate refer to?
Environmental influences
ExplanationThe 'nurture' component refers to environmental influences.
#7
Which of the following is a criticism of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?
It lacks empirical evidence.
ExplanationA criticism of Erik Erikson's theory is its lack of empirical evidence.
#8
Who proposed the theory of moral development with stages such as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationLawrence Kohlberg proposed the theory of moral development.
#9
Which perspective emphasizes the influence of culture and context on development?
Sociocultural perspective
ExplanationSociocultural perspective emphasizes cultural and contextual influences on development.
#10
Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
It underestimates the importance of social interaction.
ExplanationA criticism of Piaget's theory is its underestimation of social interaction's importance.
#11
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system encompasses the relationships between different microsystems?
Mesosystem
ExplanationThe mesosystem encompasses relationships between different microsystems in Bronfenbrenner's theory.
#12
Who is known for the theory of attachment, which describes the strong emotional bond between infants and their primary caregivers?
John Bowlby
ExplanationJohn Bowlby is known for the theory of attachment.
#13
What is the term used to describe the process of taking in new information and incorporating it into existing schemas?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation describes integrating new information into existing schemas.
#14
What is the term used to describe the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed?
Object permanence
ExplanationObject permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist when not observed.
#15
Who proposed the ecological systems theory that emphasizes the influence of multiple environmental systems on development?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationUrie Bronfenbrenner proposed the ecological systems theory.
#16
Who proposed the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) to describe the range of tasks that a child can perform with assistance?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development.
#17
According to Erikson, what is the psychosocial crisis of adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationThe psychosocial crisis of adolescence is Identity vs. Role Confusion according to Erikson.
#18
Which of the following is a criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
It doesn't account for cultural differences.
ExplanationA criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory is its failure to account for cultural differences.
#19
Which perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in development?
Psychoanalytic perspective
ExplanationThe psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in development.