#1
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud is credited as the father of psychoanalysis, pioneering the exploration of the unconscious mind.
#2
Which theory suggests that personality consists of three aspects: the id, ego, and superego?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationPsychoanalytic theory, proposed by Freud, posits three components of personality: id, ego, and superego.
#3
According to Carl Rogers, what is the term for the unconditional love and acceptance a person receives from others?
Unconditional positive regard
ExplanationUnconditional positive regard, according to Carl Rogers, is the unconditional love and acceptance a person receives from others, fostering psychological growth.
#4
Who developed the concept of the 'self-concept'?
Carl Rogers
ExplanationCarl Rogers is credited with developing the concept of the 'self-concept,' emphasizing the individual's perception of themselves.
#5
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task of adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationErik Erikson identified the primary developmental task of adolescence as resolving the conflict between identity and role confusion.
#6
Who developed the concept of the 'Big Five' personality traits?
Robert McCrae and Paul Costa
ExplanationThe concept of the 'Big Five' personality traits was developed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, outlining key dimensions of personality.
#7
Who proposed the concept of self-actualization as a part of the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow introduced the concept of self-actualization in his hierarchy of needs, emphasizing personal growth and fulfillment.
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
Machiavellianism
ExplanationMachiavellianism is not one of the Big Five personality traits, which include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
#9
Which theorist is known for proposing the concept of the social self?
George Herbert Mead
ExplanationGeorge Herbert Mead is renowned for introducing the concept of the social self, emphasizing social interaction in shaping one's identity.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a projective test used to assess personality?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
ExplanationThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is not a projective test for assessing personality.
#11
Which perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts in shaping personality?
Psychoanalytic perspective
ExplanationThe psychoanalytic perspective highlights the influence of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts on shaping personality.
#12
Which of the following is a criticism of trait theories of personality?
They ignore the role of situational factors in behavior.
ExplanationTrait theories of personality are criticized for neglecting the impact of situational factors on behavior.
#13
According to the social cognitive theory, what is the term for the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy, in social cognitive theory, refers to the belief in one's ability to manage and execute actions in different situations.
#14
Who developed the concept of the 'self-schema'?
Hazel Markus
ExplanationHazel Markus developed the concept of the 'self-schema,' a cognitive framework influencing the processing of self-relevant information.
#15
Which psychologist developed the concept of reciprocal determinism?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura introduced the concept of reciprocal determinism, highlighting the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and the environment.
#16
What is the term for the process of seeking out and interpreting situations so as to attain a consistent and stable sense of self?
Self-verification
ExplanationSelf-verification is the process of seeking and interpreting situations to maintain a consistent and stable self-concept.