#1
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the importance of fulfilling physiological needs before higher-level needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationHierarchy of needs starting with basic physiological requirements.
#2
Which leadership style emphasizes high concern for people and low concern for task accomplishment?
Laissez-faire leadership
ExplanationHands-off approach with high emphasis on relationships and low on task completion.
#3
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain a balance between their inputs and outcomes in comparison to others?
Equity Theory
ExplanationMotivation based on perceived fairness in input-output comparisons.
#4
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by internal factors, such as a sense of accomplishment and personal growth?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationMotivation driven by internal factors: accomplishment, personal growth.
#5
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a desire for fairness in social exchanges?
Equity Theory
ExplanationMotivation stems from a desire for fairness in social exchanges.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a component of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
Intrinsic factors
ExplanationIntrinsic factors are not part of Herzberg's theory; it focuses on hygiene and motivator factors.
#7
According to Expectancy Theory, which of the following is necessary for motivation to occur?
Expectancy
ExplanationMotivation requires the belief that effort leads to performance (Expectancy), performance leads to outcomes (Instrumentality), and outcomes are valued (Valence).
#8
What does the SMART criteria stand for in goal-setting theory?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely
ExplanationGuidelines for effective goal setting: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely.
#9
Which motivational theory proposes that individuals are motivated by the discrepancy between their current state and an ideal state?
Goal-Setting Theory
ExplanationMotivation stems from the desire to close the gap between current and ideal states.
#10
What is the term for a reward that satisfies a basic human need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Motivation factor
ExplanationRewards fulfilling fundamental needs and driving motivation.
#11
Which leadership theory suggests that leaders should adapt their style based on the readiness or maturity of their followers?
Situational leadership theory
ExplanationLeadership style adjustment based on follower's readiness.
#12
What is the term for the process of increasing the complexity of a job to provide greater challenge and opportunity for achievement?
Job enrichment
ExplanationEnhancing job complexity for increased challenge and achievement opportunities.
#13
According to the Equity Theory, what happens if an employee perceives an inequity in their workplace?
They will try to restore equity
ExplanationIndividuals strive to restore balance if they perceive inequity in the distribution of rewards.
#14
According to Self-Determination Theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Competence, autonomy, relatedness
ExplanationBasic needs: Competence, Autonomy, Relatedness.
#15
According to Goal-Setting Theory, which factor enhances the effect of goals on performance?
Specificity
ExplanationEffectiveness of goals is improved by setting specific objectives.
#16
According to Cognitive Evaluation Theory, what type of rewards can decrease intrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic rewards
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation may decrease with external rewards.
#17
According to the Contingency Theory, which factor determines the effectiveness of a leadership style?
The situational context
ExplanationEffectiveness of leadership style is contingent on the situational context.