#1
Which theory suggests that human behavior is driven by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?
Drive reduction theory
ExplanationHuman behavior is motivated by the need to satisfy biological drives.
#2
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be fulfilled before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic physical needs like food and water must be met first before addressing higher-level needs.
#3
Which psychologist proposed the theory of operant conditioning, emphasizing the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning which emphasizes the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior.
#4
What term refers to the process of adapting one's behavior or thinking to match that of others?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the act of adjusting one's behavior or thinking to match that of others in a group.
#5
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic emotions proposed by psychologist Paul Ekman?
Confusion
ExplanationConfusion is not considered one of the basic emotions proposed by Paul Ekman.
#6
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with reward and pleasure in the brain?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is often linked to feelings of pleasure, reward, and reinforcement.
#7
What is the term used to describe the tendency for people to perform better when they are being observed?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationPeople's performance improves when they know they're being watched.
#8
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during adolescence and involves forming a sense of identity?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationAdolescents undergo a stage where they form their identity, according to Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
#9
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, performance is best when arousal is at which level?
Moderate
ExplanationOptimal performance occurs at moderate levels of arousal according to the Yerkes-Dodson law.
#10
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the regulation of basic physiological needs such as hunger and thirst?
Hypothalamus
ExplanationThe hypothalamus regulates basic physiological needs such as hunger and thirst.
#11
According to self-determination theory, what are the three innate psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
ExplanationHumans are motivated by the need for competence, autonomy, and connection with others.
#12
What term describes the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationPeople tend to attribute successes to their own abilities while blaming external factors for failures.
#13
What concept in psychology refers to the tendency to focus on a specific aspect of a situation while ignoring other relevant aspects?
Selective attention
ExplanationSelective attention is the tendency to focus on certain aspects of a situation while ignoring others.
#14
What term describes the tendency for people to attribute their own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors in order to maintain self-esteem.
#15
Which psychological theory proposes that behavior is influenced by the interaction between personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior itself?
Reciprocal determinism
ExplanationReciprocal determinism suggests that behavior is influenced by a dynamic interaction between personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior itself.